WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 24I 



country to visit Washington and many of the State and Federal field 

 stations. Doctor Marchal himself visited the United States for three 

 months in the summer of 191 3. The active force in France, there- 

 fore, is not only composed of excellent men, but it has the advantage 

 of personal knowledge on the part of two of the younger men of the 

 present workers and the latest developments in applied entomology in 

 North America. 



In addition to the men already mentioned, Doctor JMarchal has been 

 fortunate in securing the services of F. Willaume at Paris, who has 

 been studying especially the question of insecticides. He has also two 

 first-class men in the persons of A. Paillot, in charge of the regional 

 station at St. Genis-Laval, and L. Gaumont at Montargis.^ Paillot 

 is studying especially the diseases of insects, and Gaumont has done 

 admirable work with the plant-lice. Still another man not yet men- 

 tioned is Prof. J. Feytaud, connected with the University at Bor- 

 deaux, who has made some capital studies and who combines his uni- 

 versity functions with the chiefsbij) of the regional laboratory of 

 the Ministry of Agriculture. Mr. Poutiers, previously mentioned, 

 has been changed from Menton to Antibes, the westernmost point in 

 ihe Riviera rather than the easternmost point. He acts as a general 

 inspector in addition to his research in applied entomology. 



The first part of a practical handbook on the insect enemies of 

 fruit trees, by H. Latiere, B. Trouvelot, and F. Willaume, was pub- 

 lished in Paris in 1928. It comprises 97 pages, 7 plates, and 206 fig- 

 ures ; but includes only the consideration of characters, classification, 

 and methods of oljservation. Later parts will evidently make this an 

 extremely useful work. 



Although as a rule scientific Frenchmen do not take readily to 

 the English language, Marchal, Trouvelot, Vayssiere, and Poutiers all 

 speak English with facility. 



We have just seen how the necessity for work in economic ento- 

 mology was found to be very great at the close of the World War, 

 on account of the absolute need of food increase for the people. We 

 will see elsewhere how this awful war brought about increased study 

 and attention to medical entomology ; and in much earlier pages we 

 have touched upon the influence of the war upon economic ento- 

 mology even in the L^nited States. Two French incidents may not 

 be amiss here : 



At the time when the German armies were approaching Paris, 

 Prof. E. L. Bouvier of the Museum of Natural History hurriedly 

 packed some of the most precious portions of the great and invalua- 



' M. Gaumont died in October, 1929. 



