WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 243 



began publishing, and the Bulletin of the Agricultural Institute of 

 Saigon contained articles by him as well as by J. Robin and F. Vincens. 

 The great island of Madagascar with its dependencies has had crop 

 troubles through insects. Years ago I had an interesting correspon- 

 dence with the Rev. Paul Camboue, a missionary, who was greatly 

 interested in insects. An important article entitled " Insect Enemies 

 of Rice in Madagascar" (title translated), by C. Frappa, was pub- 

 lished in 1929. It gives a summary of information on the insect 

 enemies of standing and stored rice. It was published in the journal 

 known as " Riz et Riziculture " (1929, No. 4). 



Paul Marchal 



It is impossible for me adequately to express my admiration for 

 Marchal. Following a correspondence beginning in 1894, I have 

 known him personally since 1902, have often visited him in his 

 laboratory and in his home, and spent the better part of three months 

 with him traveling in the United States. Then too, in 1920 I took a 

 long journey with him in France by automobile and by train, visiting 

 the different stations which were operating under his general guidance. 

 Again, in 1923 I traveled with him from Menton to Madrid and with 

 him attended the international olive-fly conference held at that point. 

 Later in the same season Marchal and his charming wife joined us 

 at the International Congress of Entomology and Phytopathology in 

 Holland. 



I know nothing of Marchal's boyhood (he was born in Paris in 

 1865). I do not understand why we have never talked about it. 

 Possibly because we were so much more interested in other things. 

 When I first knew him he was probably in his early forties, a slender, 

 active man, who might have been a writer or an artist rather than a 

 man of science, judging from his appearance. And in fact he com- 

 bines with his indefatigability as a worker and genius as a thinker 

 the imagination of a poet and an ability for self-expression to be 

 found as a rule only with masters of literature. Some day perhaps 

 he will tell me what led him into science. 



Marchal's early studies were carried on at the University of Paris, 

 where he became a licentiate in science in 1883, a doctor of medicine 

 in 1889, and a doctor of science in 1892. In 1894 he was made Chef 

 des Travaiix at the Entomological Station of Paris under the Minis- 

 try of Agriculture. In 1900 he was made Professor of Agricultural 

 Zoology at the National Agronomical Institute, and in 1910 Director 

 of the Entomological Station of Paris. His first important paper was 

 published in 1897, "A Study of Instinct with Cerceris ornata," and 



