WHOLE VOL, APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY — HOWARD 27I 



he rose fom the lowest position to the highest. He was a good all- 

 around entomologist, and published many papers upon dififerent 

 aspects of entomological science. He seems to have been especially 

 interested in life-history work, and in fact one of his earliest papers 

 was on the life history of the common domestic mosquito. In the 

 1830's the Royal Agricultural Society of Vienna recommended to the 

 Government the preparation and publication of a popular natural 

 history of insects injurious to vegetation. The Emperor authorized 

 the undertaking and commanded its speedy execution. The work fell 

 largely to KoUar and to Joseph Schmidberger, and the volume was 

 pul)lished under Kollar's name in 1837. 



Fortunately, for English-speaking entomologists, farmers, and 

 fruit-growers, the work was soon translated into English by Jane and 

 Mary Loudon and was published in London in 1840. The manuscript 

 was carefully read by Prof. J. O. Westwood, who inserted foot- 

 notes, sometimes very long, throughout the book, often giving addi- 

 tional information on habits and remedies and referring to articles 

 published in English in the Gardeners Magazine, Gardeners Chroni- 

 cle and elsewhere. The work was carefully written, well printed, cov- 

 ered about 400 pages, carried some good illustrations which I believe 

 were made especially for the English edition, probably by Curtis since 

 what are evidently prints from the same blocks occur in many in- 

 stances in Curtis' published writings. Rather more than 120 species 

 of injurious insects are treated, often very fully, with full accounts 

 of the life histories of many of them. Schmidberger seems to have 

 written nearly all of the matter in the book relating to insects injuri- 

 ous to fruit culture, for which he was evidently well fitted since he 

 had been writing on these subjects in short articles for a number of 

 years. His portion of the book is very full and apparently authori- 

 tative. 



All through the book one looks in vain for economical and practi- 

 cal suggestions as to control. Hand collecting at certain times is rec- 

 ommended for many species. 



It is interesting to study the list of what may be assumed to have 

 been the most important injurious insects of Austria in the early 

 1830's. As above stated, in the neighborhood of 120 species are con- 

 sidered in this book. In glancing over the list I recognized at once 35 

 species that have been introduced accidentally into the United States 

 and have become well known pests. I then submitted the list to a 

 number of specialists in the different orders of insects, who pointed 

 out to me 14 additional species that also occur in the United States 

 and that undoubtedly have been introduced either from Europe or 



