272 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



from some other part of the world from which they also came to 

 Europe but, presumably at an earlier date. As is quite to be expected, 

 household insects, greenhouse insects, and species affecting domestic 

 animals seem to have become at least partially cosmopolitan at an 

 early date. Of the rest, those insects that attack fruit trees and vege- 

 tables are the most numerous among those that have found their 

 way to the United States ; and of these, the Lepidoptera seem to have 

 been more numerous than the beetles. Of the forest insects, there 

 seem to be very few that have established themselves over here. 

 These are notably the gipsy moth, the brown-tail moth, the pine-tip 

 moth, the satin moth and the leopard moth. This is a rather inter- 

 esting and forcible indication of what happened to this country before 

 our plant-quarantine law passed Congress in 191 2. 



Of course it is quite possible that there are additional species men- 

 tioned by Kollar that may exist in this country and that for some 

 reason or other have not been noticed. For example, the apple weevil 

 of Europe is included in the great Leng catalogue of the Coleoptera of 

 North America and is doubtfully recorded from Ohio. Again, the 

 fruit insect called by Kollar " the oblong weevil " has been found in 

 New York State but there is no indication that the species has as yet 

 become established there. 



Kollar, being a museum man, seems to have had little practical 

 experience with economic insects beyond working out possibly the 

 life histories of some of them. The fullest individual accounts of 

 insects in the book are written by Canon Schmidberger. 



None of the modern methods are recommended. No sprays were 

 used in those days. Again and again the statement is made that there 

 is no remedy except hand-collecting, but, as life histories are well 

 worked out, the times when such hand-collecting can be done to best 

 advantage are pointed out. 



Trapping moths to light is mentioned but is not recommended, and 

 it is pointed out that it is males that are most attracted and that, in 

 some cases at least, the gravid females are too heavily laden with 

 eggs tO' fly readily to light. 



For underground insects, frequent breaking up of soil to expose 

 such insects to the birds. 



An infusion of wormwood, also used with road-dust, is recom- 

 mended for the Halticas. 



Traps, such as manure-filled holes for mole-crickets and ditches 

 for young grasshoppers, are mentioned. 



Boiling water as an application for certain insects is also mentioned. 



As deterrents, sulphurated oil and oil of turpentine. 



