WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 273 



Lime on the soil. 



Lye. 



Tobacco smoke for aphids. 



Mention is made of trap crops, by the recommendation of an 

 occasional parsnip plant in a carrot bed for the carrot moth, the 

 statement being made that the parsnip plant will be preferred by the 

 moth for oviposition. 



Powdered charcoal is recommended for the onion maggot. 



Loosely rolled-up pieces of old cloth or blotting paper in the forks 

 of the trees will attract caterpillars for shelter, and, thus collected, 

 they are easily destroyed. 



Collecting certain beetles by jarring the trees, when they will fall 

 on spread sheets. 



Hand-destruction of the wintering nests of the brown-tail moth 

 and the egg-masses of the gipsy moth. 



Hand-collecting of the eggs of the satin moth. 



With bark-beetles, such as Tomicus, the felling and barking of 

 infested trees is recommended ; also felling the first-bored stems 

 without delay and burning them into charcoal, or conveying them 

 out of the forest as soon as possible, or at least taking off the bark 

 which should be carefully burned. 



Austria has never had, so far as I know, a distinct organization 

 for the study of economic entomology other than forest entomology, 

 but, in addition to the Kollar book, a number of interesting papers 

 have been puljlished. Georg Ritter von Frauenfeld, writing from 

 1847 to 1861 and again from 1864 to 1869, published several papers 

 of an economic l^earing. Most of them were short and were published 

 in the Proceedings of the Vienna Botanical-Zoological Society. 



Another Viennese writer was Gustav Adolf Kunstler. His eco- 

 nomic papers were dated 1864 and 187 1 and were published in the 

 same Proceedings as von Frauenfeld's. 



Especial mention should be made of the very wonderful plates of 

 insects injurious and beneficial in the forest, field, and garden, done 

 by H. M. Schmidt-Goebel, published in Vienna in 1896. These plates 

 (colored and wonderfully well done) illustrated not only the different 

 stages of many injurious insects but also of their natural enemies. I 

 have seen 14 of these plates, each containing 30 or more figures. The 

 plates measure 39 x 46 cm. 



Just as in Germany, forest entomology has always been well cared 

 for in Austria. At the Royal Institute for Forest Investigations at 

 Mariabrunn (near Vienna) research was carried on for very many 

 years on the biology of forest insects, and to this Institute were 

 referred questions relating to economic entomology in general. An 



