274 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



excellent worker at this Institute was Dr. Fritz A. Wachtl. The pro- 

 ceedings of an important congress of silviculture in Vienna in 1892 

 were largely taken up with discussions and reports concerning the 

 nun moth and its very great devastations in the coniferous forests 

 of Austria. 



After the World War a federal Institute for Plant Protection was 

 estahlished in Vienna and has been rather active. B. Wahl has pub- 

 lished annual reports on the work of the Institute in regard to insects ; 

 and other writers on this subject in Vienna have been F. Zweigelt, 

 K. Meisljnger, and L. Fulniek. M. Seitner has also published on for- 

 est insects. 



In Dr. Karl Friederichs' just published book the following facts 

 are mentioned regarding Austria. There is a professorship of Forest 

 Protection, dealing esjx^cially with forest zoology at the High School 

 for Soil Cultivation in Vienna. Scientific institutions relating to ag- 

 riculture and plant protection are the Bundesanstalt for Plant Pro- 

 tection at Vienna, the Forest Bundesversuchsanstalt at Mariabrunn 

 near V'ienna, and the Versuchsanstalt for Vine, Fruit, and Gardens 

 in Klosterneuburg near Vienna. There is also a corporation, "Aus- 

 trian Plant Protecting Association," which stands half way between 

 a departmental and commercial institution, which also gives advice 

 and information as to agricultural problems, but appears to be partial 

 to certain products in which it is commercially interested. 



HUNGARY 



Following the extraordinary spread of the grapevine Phylloxera 

 in Europe in the latter half of the last century, there was founded in 

 1 881 at Budapest a Phylloxera Experiment Station which was organ- 

 ized by Dr. Geza Horvath of the Hungarian National Museum, 

 already well known for his admirable work in the fields of economic 

 and taxonomic entomology. 



As the Phylloxera question, however, became more and more eluci- 

 dated, and as the means of defense against this scourge l>ecame 

 reduced to a jiractical basis, the work of the station became directed 

 more and more toward other noxious insects. As the change in its 

 functions became quite definite, its title also changed, by vote of the 

 Legislative Chamber and the sanction of the King, to The State 

 Entomological Station. It was placed under the IMinistry of Agri- 

 culture, and offices were established in the palace of the Minister of 

 Agriculture at Pesth. In 1894 the personnel of the station was com- 

 posed of the Director, two assistants and a messenger, and was 

 supported by an annual appropriation of 8,000 florins. A special 



