WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 281 



subject. His well known books, "Agricultural Zoology " and " Text- 

 book of Zoology," were republished in Germany and in England. 



When Ritzema Bos left Amsterdam, Dr. J. C. U. de Meijere 

 became Privatdocent in the science of Arthropods (especially insects 

 and their economic importance). In 1908 he became Extraordinary 

 Professor in Economic Zoology. From this time until 1921 he taught 

 this subject and conducted experimental work in the zoological lab- 

 oratory of the University and in a large garden. 



At Wageningen, Ritzema Bos was joined by Dr. H. M. Quanjer 

 who took up plant diseases. In 1909 P. van der Goot was appointed 

 an assistant and entered the entomological work, but in the same 

 year went to the Dutch East Indies. While in Amsterdam, however, 

 he wrote an admirable monograph of the Aphididae of Holland which 

 was later published (in 1915). A little later N. van Poeteren and 

 T. A. Schoevers joined the stafif, and in 1912 C. A. L. Smits van 

 Burgst was appointed Entomological Adviser to the institution. 



The greatest change, however, took place in 1919 when the phyto- 

 pathological service was separated from the Agricultural College on 

 account of its growth and became an independent organization di- 

 rectly under the Department of Agriculture. In 1920 Ritzema Bos 

 resigned on account of age. At present the service is divided into 

 phytopathological and entomological branches. Doctor Quanjer being 

 in charge of one and Dr. W. Roepke in charge of the other. Doctor 

 Roepke had spent nearly 12 years in the Dutch East Indies, engaged 

 in work in economic entomology on tropical agriculture. He is as- 

 sisted by Dr. G. F. Betram, a graduate of Leyden, and the laboratory 

 is now working on insects of economic importance both for Holland 

 and for its tropical possessions. 



My information is derived from Doctor Caporal's address and from 

 correspondence with Professor de Meijere and Doctor Roepke. 



The geographic extent of the tropical possessions of the little 

 country Holland is not generally understood. In land surface they 

 almost equal the size of the United States. The problems in economic 

 entomology in these tropical possessions are very serious indeed, and 

 this applies, naturally, not only to agricultural entomology but also to 

 medical entomology. The Dutch investigators who have been sent 

 out to these tropical possessions are well trained men, and they have 

 done very valuable and very serious work in both branches of eco- 

 nomic entomology. 



I first met Ritzema Bos in 1898, under somewhat peculiar circum- 

 stances. The German Government had recently promulgated its 

 decree barring American fruit from entrance into Germany, on ac- 

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