284 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



mirable men have been sent out there from time to time to study 

 questions of this kind. 



The entomological service in Washington was appealed to by these 

 men for assistance of one kind or another at a comparatively early 

 date. My own correspondence with L. Zehntner, who among other 

 things studied the parasites of sugar cane insects, surely began as 

 early as the late i88o's. The relations of the United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture with the Dutch East Indies became closer after 

 David Fairchild went out there for study in 1896. 



A notable event was the visit of L. P. de Bussy, Zoologist of the 

 Experiment Station at Deli, Sumatra, to the United States in 1910. 

 in the efifort to arrange for the shipment of parasites of Heliothis 

 armigcra, a polyphagic species, to the East Indies where its larvae 

 were damaging the tobacco plantations. I went with De Bussy in 

 midsummer across the country to San Francisco and down through 

 the South to Texas where he arranged to have certain parasites 

 studied and shipped to the Orient. De Bussy was and is a channing 

 fellow, well trained as an economic zoologist and after serving his 

 time in the Dutch East Indies he became Director of the Zoological 

 Department of the Colonial Institute at Amsterdam. K. W. Dammer- 

 man and P. van den Goot have been capable workers in economic 

 entomology in Java and Sumatra since De Bussy's time. Both have 

 visited Washington, the former in 1917 and the latter in 1918. The 

 admirable work in economic entomology in the Dutch East Indies 

 will be treated in more detail in a later section. 



BELGIUM 



Belgium is the home of many excellent entomologists and of one 

 of the best entomological societies of Europe. Excellent entomo- 

 logical work has been done in that country for very many years. One 

 of the most noted of the European entomologists, Baron M. E. de 

 Sclys-Longchamps (1813-1900) was for many years the world 

 authority on the Odonata. Prof. A. Lameere, the President of the 

 First International Congress of Entomology, is a well known writer 

 on many of the broader topics in entomology and is still living in 

 Brussels. The country is small, the fields are small, and the cultiva- 

 tion is intense. Therefore, the problems in economic entomology are 

 not extremely serious, even as regards forestry. Belgium, however, has 

 large possessions in Africa, where the insect problem at once becomes 

 serious when the cultivation of crops is begun. 



In i860 the Institut Agricole de I'fitat was established at Gcmbloux 

 under the direction of Phocas Lejeune, In 1864 was published the 



