WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 287 



of animals on a magnificent evolutionary scale. Fortunately, Professor 

 Severin came to the United States in 1907, to attend the International 

 Congress of Zoology, and at that time, on account of his authoritative 

 position regarding forest insects, he was asked to give an expert 

 opinion to the Massachusetts State authorities on the value of the 

 work then being done to introduce from Europe the parasites and 

 other natural enemies of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth ; 

 and his report, together with those of Dr. Geza Horvath of Budapest, 

 Dr. R. Heymons of Berlin, and others, was of such a character as to 

 squelch the demand that had arisen in certain quarters in Massa- 

 chusetts for the abandonment of the methods then in use and the 

 employment of a California collector of parasites. 



At the First International Congress of Entomology, held in Brus- 

 sels in 1909, Severin was one of the leaders. And I had the pleasure 

 of journeying with him from Brussels to Oxford in 1912 to attend 

 the Second Congress. During the World War, when the Germans 

 constantly occupied Brussels, he stayed in the Museum constantly 

 day and night watching lest the collection should come to harm. The 

 last time I saw this fine man was in 1925. He had then retired from 

 the Museum and was lecturing on medical entomology at the School 

 of Tropical Medicine near Brussels. 



The School of Tropical Medicine, by the way, was established 

 largely for the purpose of teaching about tropical diseases to the 

 young men who were to go out to the Belgian Congo to care for the 

 families of the European administrators and colonists as well as the 

 native population. And this statement leads us naturally to the con- 

 sideration of work in economic entomology in the Belgian Congo. 



I am not quite sure about the beginning of the entomological ser- 

 vice in the Congo, but I note that R. Mayne served there for a num- 

 ber of years (approximately from 1916 to 1921) and published a 

 number of very good reports on the insects of that region. J. Ghes- 

 quiere has also apparently been resident in the Congo for many years, 

 and now holds the title of Government Entomologist. Dr. H. Schou- 

 teden, the well known Belgian entomologist, now I believe connected 

 with the Colonial Museum at Brussels, has written upon several 

 Congo insects, notably the cofifee berry beetle {Stcphanodcrcs Jiaiii- 

 pei) and the other beetle enemy of the coft'ee berry, Aracccnis fas- 

 ciculatus. Moreover, Mr. E. Hegh, in the Agricultural Bulletin of 

 the Belgian Congo, published in 1920 two installments of a mono- 

 graph on the termites of tropical Africa written with the object of 

 making- known the methods of distribution. 



