WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 29I 



written by persons who followed it as a vocation additional to their 

 regular work. The Royal Academy of Agriculture of Sweden had 

 previously recommended the appointment of a Government entomolo- 

 gist, but was not successful until the year 1880, when the Govern- 

 ment appropriated 1,000 kroner as an annual salary for an entomolo- 

 gist to work under the direction of the Academy of Agriculture and 

 whose duties should be to disseminate information on injurious in- 

 sects. The first appointee under this appropriation was Dr. A. E. 

 Holmgren. He worked as State Entomologist until 1887, and died 

 in 1888 at the age of 69. 



Dr. Holmgren was succeeded in 1887 by Sven Lampa, who was a 

 self-made man, working as curator of entomology in the Museum in 

 Stockholm. Between 1887 and 1897 he did excellent work as Holm- 

 gren's successor as State Entomologist. He traveled extensively and 

 studied insect outbreaks, especially those of the grain flies, the cock- 

 chafer, the grassworm, the rape-beetle, and so on. 



The Entomological Society of Sweden, founded in 1879, almost 

 from its beginning began to stress the importance of economic ento- 

 mology, and its efforts were strongly supported by the Royal Acad- 

 emy of Agriculture, by the Economic Society of Ostrogothia, by the 

 Bureau of Agriculture and other agricultural associations of Sweden. 

 They urged the establishment of an entomological experiment sta- 

 tion which should be well outfitted and amply supported. 



In 1 89 1, under the auspices of the Entomological Society of Stock- 

 holm, Lampa, Aurivillius, Sjostedt, and others, an important jour- 

 nal entitled " L'ppsatser i Praktisk Entomologi " ( "Articles on Applied 

 Entomology ") was started. In this publication many notices and 

 articles on Swedish economic insects were printed, and here Lampa 

 published his annual reports on injurious insects. 



An institute for practical entomology was finally organized in 

 1897. Lampa was appointed Professor and Principal Director, giv- 

 ing up his work in the Museum. He continued his work on applied 

 entomology in the new institution until 1907, when he retired at the 

 age of 70 years. He then lived in Stockholm and later in a com- 

 munity near by, where he died in 19 14. Aurivillius says of him 

 (Entomologisk Tidskrift, 191 5) : " Lampa was a born friend of 

 nature, with a pronounced practical disposition which became de- 

 veloped still further by his unusual course of life. He had little 

 consideration for theories that were not based upon practice and 

 experience, and he knew how to refute them with characteristic 

 remarks." 



Lampa published a large series of articles (Aurivillius enumerates 

 210), and his work was greatly appreciated by the practical farmers. 



