WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 297 



the local parasites of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth with the 

 help of one of his assistants, and insisted upon the necessity for a 

 careful biological study of each species before attempting to send it 

 to the United States. A small orchard was rented in the suburbs of 

 Kiev, a laborer was engaged, and Pospelov's assistant was employed, 

 all at the expense of the State of Massachusetts, since on that trip 

 I was traveling for the State. All the Kiev expenses, however, were 

 absurdly small, amounting in fact in American money to only $15 

 per month. 



At Simferopol, I was surprised by the intimate knowledge pos- 

 sessed by Mokrzecki of the latest developments of economic ento- 

 mology in America. He knew the writings of the principal eco- 

 nomic entomologists of this country and admired them greatly. The 

 Crimea was (at least the northern half) a great fruit-growing region 

 at that time. Mokrzecki had introduced the latest American spray- 

 ing machinery, and one very large orchard at Bakhtchisarai had the 

 appearance of one of the famous, extremely well cared for orchards 

 in the Genesee Valley of New York. He had, almost single-handed, 

 built up an excellent regional museum at Simferopol and gave advice 

 to fruit-growers and farmers on all entomological questions. After 

 the World War he left Russia, taught for a while at Belgrade, and 

 eventually was appointed to a post in Poland which he still holds 

 with distinction. He is chief of the entomological service of the very 

 efficient school and experiment station at Skierniewice. 



I may mention incidentally that at the time of this visit to the 

 Crimea there was an admirable Marine Biological Station at Sebas- 

 topol. In the library of this institution I saw many American publi- 

 cations, including a number on entomology. Dr. P. S. Galtsofif, now 

 an expert in the United States Bureau of Fisheries, became chief of 

 this station some years after my visit. 



Two years later I went to Russia again, going from Berlin to 

 St. Petersburg in early May, principally to visit Professor Porchin- 

 sky who had, by correspondence, outlined the previous trip, and who 

 had arranged with Pospelov, Mokrzecki, and Krassilstschik to meet 

 me. 



Porchinsky was a very able man and a leader in entomology. He 

 was born in 1848, and was therefore at the time of my visit 61 years 

 old. Since 1875 he had been connected with the Ministry of Agricul- 

 ture at St. Petersburg. He organized the Bureau of Applied Ento- 

 mology and became its chief. He dedicated his whole life to ento- 

 mological work and was intimately connected with the Russian Ento- 

 mological Society of which he was Secretary for 22 years. He died 



