WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 3OI 



In this way entomological bureaus were established at Kaluga, Orel, 

 Voronez, Poltava, Stavropol, Kiev, Tula, Kharkoff, Kursk, Tiflis, 

 and Moscow, while entomological divisions were established at the 

 general experiment stations of Poltava, Shatilov, and Bezenchuk. 

 While the plans of these bureaus and divisions were made by their 

 heads, final approval by local and federal authorities was necessary. 



In 191 3 an All Russian Congress of Applied Entomology was held 

 at Kiev for the consideration of affairs of organization and coopera- 

 tive work. With this congress began a decentralization. Professor 

 Porchinsky's influence at St. Petersburg proved insufficient to hold 

 Federal control, and the growth of provincial entomological institu- 

 tions went forward rapidly. At this period there were among the 

 leaders Adrianoft' in Kaluga, Averin in Kharkoff, Borodin in Poltava, 

 and Uvarov in Stavropol. At the same time the stations carried on 

 by Mokrzecki in Simferopol, Plotnikoff in Tashkent, and Krassilst- 

 schik in Kischineft", and the divisions in the agricultural experiment 

 stations headed by Kurdiumov in Poltava and Emelianoff in Khar- 

 koff worked ahead in both research and insect control. Doctor 

 Borodin tells me also that a private entomo-phytopathological organi- 

 zation under the auspices of the Sugar Growers Association was 

 established at Smela in the province of Kiev. 



Then came the World War and later the civil war in Russia in the 

 course of which two separate governments were overthrown. Natur- 

 ally this had its effect upon the course of economic entomology. Some 

 of the good men have died and certain others have left the country, 

 but many well-trained and good men remain and have been working 

 with much effect upon different subjects in applied entomology. 

 Kourdiumov, a fine fellow, committed suicide on the Dvina front in 

 the autumn of 191 7 when his soldiers deserted. Uvarov went to Eng- 

 land and became connected with the Imperial Bureau of Entomology 

 in London where, in the pages of the Review of Applied Entomology, 

 he has published abstracts of all of the important papers published in 

 Russia since the war. Borodin came to the United States and became 

 the head of a Bureau of Applied Botany and Entomology, supported 

 by Russian scientific organizations, which was formed largely to 

 secure literature aiding in the development of applied science in 

 Russia. Recently this organization has been expanded to cover all 

 agricultural information, and Prof. J. A. Mirtoff has been placed at 

 the head ; Borodin resigning and taking up other work. 



Doctor Borodin, by the way, has helped me greatly in this short 

 account of Russian work just before the war and just after the war. 



