WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 3I5 



United States and Canada and visited many experimental stations. 

 He is a man of much ability, and much is to be expected from him in 

 the way of research and organization. Before starting for America 

 he had made an important study of the bionomics of Psylla niali and 

 had done other excellent work. 



Prof. R. Bledowski, connected with the Free University of Poland 

 as Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, is an ento- 

 mologist much interested in the economic aspects of the science. 

 I had the pleasure of meeting him at the Third International Congress 

 of Entomology at Zurich in 1925. He met me when I arrived in 

 Warsaw in 1927 and accompanied me on my different trips, and I am 

 greatly indebted to him for very many courtesies, in fact most of the 

 information in this section about Poland has been given me by him. 

 He has made numerous entomological investigations, some of them 

 of distinctly economic bearing. 



Other men who have worked with economic entomology in Poland 

 are J. Triiffer at Wilno, L. Sitowski at Poznan, A. Krasucki at 

 Lwow, J. Ruskowski at Warsaw, K. Zimm at Cieszyn, S. Keler at 

 Bydgoszcz, and J. Niezabytowski at Cracow. Since my visit excel- 

 lent papers have been published by Sitowski, Niezabytowski, Rus- 

 kowski and Strawinski. 



While in Poland I was greatly interested to see two demonstrations 

 of fumigation work in orchards and forest by means of large arsenic 

 candles invented by Lieutenant Colonel Woynich-Sianozecki. The 

 demonstrations were extremely interesting. The fumes from the 

 candles spread enormously, leaving an arsenical deposit on the leaves, 

 and I was assured that the treatment was very efficient against leaf- 

 feeding insects. I was greatly impressed and have since endeavored 

 to have similar experimentation carried on in this country. 



Note Added June 6, 1930. — Just as I am about to send this manu- 

 script to the editor, I have received from my distinguished friend 

 Prof. Z. Mokrzecki an explicit statement of the present Polish 

 organization, and I add it in his own words. 



The Present State of Plant Protection in Poland 



When, after a 150-year period of slaverj^ Poland became an independent 

 state and united its several countries into one whole, energetic action in all 

 directions of scientific life began, in spite of the grave influence of the ruinous 

 World War and the economic weakness of the country. A great deal has been 

 done. In order to give an easy orientation of the existing plant protection 

 stations in Poland, I have classified them into the following divisions : 

 I — The network of plant protection stations under the Ministry of Agriculture. 

 II — Private and communal institutions occupying themselves with plant pro- 

 tection. 



