WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 323 



In 1928 Doctor Tschorbadjieft' attended the Fourth International 

 Congress of Entomology at Ithaca, New York, as the official delegate 

 of the "Station agronomique de I'fitat a Sofia"; and in 1929 he 

 published what is apparently an article that I should like to be able 

 to read, entitled "Agricultural Entomology in Bulgaria and Pests of 

 Cultivated Plants in that Country." The Review of Applied Ento- 

 mology for October, 1929, gives two short paragraphs to this publi- 

 cation, and indicates that it gives a report of the work of the Station 

 and a history of the study of injurious insects in Bulgaria. The article 

 was published in the Russian journal entitled " La Defense des 

 Plantes," the bulletin of the Permanent Bureau of the Entomophyto- 

 pathologic Congresses of Russia, Volume 5, Nos. 5-6, issued at 

 Leningrad and published in the Russian language. 



Add end Hill.— Since the completion of this manuscript and its 

 submittal to the Smithsonian Institution for publication, I have 

 received from Dr. P. Tschorbadjieff a short manuscript which 1 

 greatly regret did not reach me at an earlier date. From this manu- 

 script the following facts are drawn. 



Economic entomology in Bulgaria dates from 1902 when an agri- 

 cultural experiment station was founded in Sadowo near Plowdin. In 

 1905 another experiment station was established near Rustschuck. 

 No especially trained entomologists were employed by these stations 

 and the entomological work was done by agronomists. 



In 191 1 an entomological division was organized with the foun- 

 dation of the State agricultural experiment station at Sofia. Work 

 was soon interrupted by the World War and was not resumed until 

 1922. Agriculture developed greatly in extent and in the increased 

 number of new crops, and entomology became of greatly increased 

 importance. However this work was confined very largely to the 

 station at Sofia. Nevertheless the institutes for Viticulture and 

 Forestry have done some work and the Royal Entomological Station 

 founded for the investigation of the insect fauna of Bulgaria inci- 

 dentally includes injurious insects. And in this connection the Bul- 

 garian Entomological Society should also be mentioned 



The most outstanding of the Bulgarian authors have been the fol- 

 lowing : Dr. Jv. Bouresch, Al. Drenowsky, Iv. Georgieff, D. Iltschefl:', 

 D. loakimov, K. Malkoff, Prof. Z. A. Mokrzecki, V. Naidenoff, 

 P. Petkofif, M. Rouskofif, P. Tschorbadjieft'. 



FINLAND 



The semi-independence of Finland as a grand duchy, with the 

 Emperor of Russia as Grand Duke, gave its Government jurisdiction 



