WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 325 



ZolHkofer, and Oswald Herr. Doctor von Schulthess had already 

 written a series of interesting- articles on the Swiss entomologists in 

 the first half of the nineteenth century that were published as early 

 as 1892 in the Schweizer Entomologisches Anzeiger. Among those 

 to whom he gave especial attention were R. Myer-Duer (1812-1825), 

 the coleopterist ; the famous orthopterist, K. Brunner von Wattenwyl 

 (1823-1914) ; E. Frey-Gessner (1825-1863) ; A. Goeldi (1859-1917), 

 the famous writer, who lived most of his life in Brazil ; and M. Stand- 

 fuss (1854 ), the man who did much interesting experimental 



work on the efifect of temperature on the development of Lepidoptera. 



Many famous entomologists still live and work in Switzerland. 



At the Congress above mentioned were delegates from several Swiss 

 institutions where work in applied entomology is being done today. 

 Among these may be mentioned the Technical High School, the Swiss 

 Agricultural Experiment Station, the Swiss Experiment Station for 

 Orchard, Vine, and Garden Culture. 



The published writings that include consideration of insects that 

 have been found in Switzerland are very numerous. There was pub- 

 lished in Berne in 1926 the seventh part of the Fauna Helvetica by 

 the Swiss National Library. This seventh part includes the writings 

 on Swiss insects in the years 1634 to 1900, and covers 292 pages. 



As with other European countries, applied entomology received 

 no especial consideration in Switzerland until the advent of the Phyl- 

 loxera, and no important work was published about injurious insects 

 prior to that time. Dr. H. Faes, of Lausanne, tells me that here and 

 there short articles are to be found about the damage caused by grass- 

 hoppers in the cantoii of Valais in 1837-39, and so on. The Phyl- 

 loxera, however, made its appearance in the canton of Geneva in 1874 

 and in the canton of Vaud in 1886; and the vine-growing industry in 

 Switzerland was so important that strenuous measures were under- 

 taken at once. In the Fauna Helvetica to which we have just referred, 

 a long list of articles about the Phylloxera is printed, and I note that 

 about 60 of them were published before 1878. The cantonal Viticul- 

 tural Station of Lausanne which was founded in 1886 owed its origin 

 to the appearance of the Phylloxera and that of the mildew. A 

 history of the work of this station from 1886 to 1916 has been pub- 

 lished by the station. It was written by Dr. H. Faes, Chief of the 

 Division of Physiology, and Dr. F. Porchet, Chief of the Division of 

 Chemistry. Doctor Faes' work includes phytopathology in the Euro- 

 l>ean sense that includes the insects as well as the diseases that affect 

 plants. During the early years of the station interest in entomology 

 was confined to the Phylloxera, and later to the Cochylis and Eudemis. 



