334 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



send to the Lisbon Laboratory the necessary material for study. This 

 laboratory has pubHshed reports and scientific memoirs in the (trans- 

 lated) " Memoirs of the Portuguese Society of Natural Sciences," 

 and also some of its papers have been privately published by the 

 company. A large quantity of entomological material has been gath- 

 ered, and it has been identified not only at Lisbon but at London 

 and Paris by well known specialists, and may be found in the Colonial 

 Museum at Belem, Lisbon. 



Professor de Seabra in the early 1890's studied in Paris. He took 

 courses in natural science at the Sorbonne, at the Museum of Natu- 

 ral History and at the ficole Pratique des Hautes fitudes ; and with 

 the founding of the Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology under the 

 Ministry of Agriculture at Lisbon he joined the force as Prepara- 

 tor ; and in 1905 was made Chief of the Entomological Section. Pro- 

 fessor de Seabra is now (December, 1929) a man of 55 years who 

 has done much entomological work of importance although he has 

 covered not only the field of agricultural zoology but has done con- 

 siderable phytopathological work. His list of publications covers 

 more than 160 titles and includes not only papers of economic bear- 

 ing, but also the results of important work in taxonomy. 



GREECE 



The Grecian Government did practically nothing in the way of 

 encouraging research in economic entomology or in helping the 

 Grecian agriculturist to avoid insect damage until political affairs 

 began to stabilize themselves after the conclusion of the World War. 

 Such information as the comparatively few scientific men of that 

 country and the more progressive of the agriculturists could gain 

 from foreign publications was utilized ; and this was the only source. 

 It is true, however, that when a Ministry of Agriculture was founded 

 in 1910 the first person to be appointed Minister, Emmanuel Benachi, 

 called together the most competent men for consultation on this 

 point, and the general opinion seemed to be that a special phyto- 

 pathological service should be started. Some move was made in that 

 direction, and shortly afterwards Dr. C. Isaakides was appointed an 

 inspector and visited the ])hytopathological institutions at Gembloux, 

 at Paris, and at Florence. I had the pleasure of meeting him in 191 2 

 in the laboratory of Paul Marchal at Paris. Li 1914 he had begun 

 active work ; and then came the war. 



It was not until 1923 that the Central Phytopathological Service 

 was organized under the decree of May 26. This service has been in 

 active operation since that time, and has l:)een supplemented by the 

 establishment of regional laboratories in Thessaly, Peloponesis, and 



