WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 4OI 



doubtless others of his importations will assume importance. He 

 showed himself very pronounced in his ideas as to the value of the 

 importation of the insect enemies of dangerous plants ; and, the black- 

 berry having spread alarmingly in New Zealand, and encouraged by 

 the reported success of the insect enemies of the lantana weed in 

 Hawaii, he has made efforts to introduce blackberry insects into New 

 Zealand. It was during his residence in New Zealand that Dr. Till- 

 yard's remarkable book " The Insects of Australia and New Zealand " 

 was published. It contains 560 pages and is abundantly illustrated 

 and contains some admirable colored plates. It is full of original 

 observations and is a wonderful book. 



In 1928 the Commonwealth of the States of Australia having con- 

 structed the new capital at Canberra and founded the Federal De- 

 partment of Agriculture, Doctor Tillyard was appointed to take 

 charge of the entomological work in that Commonwealth and left 

 New Zealand. He was succeeded by Dr. David Miller and the Ento- 

 mological Department of the Cawthron Institute was extended, and 

 the entomological research for the whole Dominion of New Zealand 

 was centralized in Nelson. 



Occasional published references will be found to the fact that at 

 one time bumblebees (humblebees) were introduced into New Zea- 

 land to bring about the fertilization and seeding of red clover ; but the 

 exact facts in the case were not fully displayed in print until 191 4 

 when the New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Industries, and 

 Commerce published as Bulletin 46 (new series) a pamphlet entitled 

 *' History of the Humble Bee in New Zealand : Its Introduction and 

 Results," by I. Hopkins. It seems that Mr. Hopkins, who was for- 

 merly Chief Government Apiarist, had started large bee farms in the 

 years 1882 to 1887. Although thousands of acres of red clover ad- 

 joined his bee farms, he found that the hive bee visited the clover 

 only occasionally and that seeding was far from perfect. He con- 

 cluded that the hive bee simply collects pollen from red clover when 

 it is scarce elsewhere, and is consequently seen on the plants only 

 occasionally. Attempts to introduce humblebees from England were 

 made as early as 1870, but failed. Mr. Hopkins began to try to bring 

 them over in 1880, All attempts failed until 1885, when 48 were 

 landed safely. The progeny of these bees spread over the country 

 during the first few years with remarkable rapidity. Whole nests 

 and queens were sent from Canterbury to various parts of the North 

 Island. The species introduced proved to be two in number, namely 

 Bonihus terrestris and B. suhterraneus. 



