402 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



The results appear to have been perfect, and, whereas it had pre- 

 viously been possible to grow only a few seed, fertilization was, after 

 the introduction, found to be almost perfect ; almost every head was 

 full of " fine, plump seed." In 1913 the seed yield on one farm reached 

 720 pounds per acre. 



At the end of his writing, Mr. Hopkins stated that " Not a trace 

 of any change of habit (except perhaps in the period of hibernation) 

 had been noticed in the bees from those natural to them in their origi- 

 nal home." 



A comparatively early knowledge of the insects of New Zealand 

 was, curiously enough, due to three old soldiers, Capt. F. W. Hutton 

 (1836 to 1905), Maj. Thomas Broun (1838 to 1919), and W. M. 

 Maskell (1840 to 1898). Mr. Maskell went to New Zealand in i860, 

 Major Broun in 1863, and Captain Hutton in 1866. 



Captain Hutton served for some time as a midshipman in the 

 Navy. Later he received a commission in the Royal Welsh Fusileers, 

 saw active service in the Crimea and in the Indian Mutiny. In i860 

 he joined the Geological Society of London, and in 1862 published a 

 paper on the use of geology to military officers. In New Zealand he 

 joined the Geological Survey Department, and continued through the 

 rest of his life to work upon the geology and zoology of the islands. 

 He was in 1880 Professor of Biology at Canterbury College, staying 

 there for many years. He was Curator of the Canterbury Museum at 

 the time of his death, which, however, did not occur in New Zealand 

 but on his way back from England where he had gone on leave of 

 absence. His work covered a very broad range of zoological sub- 

 jects, and on entomology- he published over 30 papers of systematic 

 importance. 



Major Liroun joined the Army at the age of. 16, during the Crimean 

 War, and after the close of that war accompanied his regiment to 

 Burma. Here he became attracted by the large size and brilliant colors 

 of many of the tropical insects, and began to collect for the British 

 Museum. Then came the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, and his regi- 

 ment served in India during the whole period of the Mutiny. He was 

 present at the assault and capture of Delhi and at the relief of Luck- 

 now. He retired from the Army in 1862, married, and later went to 

 New Zealand. Then the Maori War broke out. He was commissioned 

 as a Captain and served the whole war. He worked with the Auck- 

 land Board of Education, and remained in the service until 1886. 

 He was appointed Government Entomologist in 1890, holding the 

 post until 1907. From the close of the Maoric War until his death 

 he worked with insects. He knew the Hemiptera and Orthoptera and 



