WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 421 



destructive measures indicated by the central department. Tliere are 

 certain pests that have been decreed as such by law. The destruction 

 of these is obligatory, and detailed control measures have been pub- 

 lished and freely distributed. 



The study of the natural enemies of insect pests in this country 

 has been carried out for the last 30 years, since 1897, when Bruner 

 and d'Herculais studied the possibility of combating the " langosta " 

 by means of its natural enemies. Since then three efforts have been 

 made to establish natural enemies — Prospaltella herlesei, to combat 

 the white peach scale ; Parcxorista caridei for the control of the bag- 

 worm, and Apheliniis mali for the control of the woolly aphis. The 

 last mentioned parasite had been established with great success — as 

 much cannot be said for the first two. Lately efforts are being made 

 to establish the South African parasite of the Eucalyptus weevil 

 {Gonipterus gihhcrns), but nothing can be said as yet as to the 

 results. The Argentine has also played her part in supplying natu- 

 ral enemies to the rest of the world, the most successful results being 

 obtained from a shipment of Cactoblastis hucyrus to Australia to aid 

 in the eradication of the cactus pest. As regards methods of spraying 

 and implements used, most of the formulae and machinery are those 

 that have been tried out in other countries, especially in the United 

 States, which is considered to lead the world in that line of endeavor. 

 Power sprayers are practically all of American manufacture, but 

 the smaller types of knapsack sprayer are mostly French, Vermorel. 

 This is not because the French article is superior but because it is 

 considerably cheaper and gives equal results. Aeroplane dusting has 

 not been definitely adopted in Argentina, although several official 

 trials have been made with this method of insecticide distribution. 

 Official production of insecticides has so far been restricted to lime- 

 sulphur, which is sold at cost price to the fruit-growers of the 

 country. 



In the earlier days, Carlos Berg, a well known entomologist pub- 

 lished on Argentine insects from 1874 to 1895, and among his writings 

 are several papers of economic importance, particularly those relating 

 to the Phylloxera of the grape. 



There is a paper on the bibliography of Argentine entomology, 

 published in Physis, November 15, 1927, by C. A. Lizer y Trelles. 

 Under Applied Entomology, he gives 347 titles. The most prolific 

 writer seems to have been H. Weyenbergh, to whom we have already 

 referred. He published from 1873 to 1876, mainly concerning locusts. 

 Between 1901 and 1909 several papers on scale insects were pub- 

 lished by Eugenio Autran. Carlos Berg, a well known entomologist, 



