WHOLE vol.. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 443 



Hshed in " La Picota " and work had been begun on the biology of 

 fruit-flies and of grain weevils as well as parasites of coffee trees 

 and a general study of parasites of injurious insects. An especial 

 campaign had been begun against the woolly aphis of the apple. 



In 1929 an experiment station was established at Medellin in the 

 State of Antioquia. A well trained economic entomologist from the 

 United States, Mr. Charles H. Ballou, was appointed and is at pres- 

 ent located in Medellin. Mr. Ballou is not fairly started. He writes 

 me that he has been unable to find that any important work has been 

 done in that country, although he has seen published documents 

 relating to injurious locusts and to the Coccohacillus acridiorum of 

 d'Herelle and recounting the work against locusts by Dr. Luis Zea 

 Uribe in 191 3 in Tocaima and that of Prof. Federico Lleras A. on 

 work in Guduas, both, as I understand it, with the d'Herelle fungus 

 and with good results. Mr. Ballou also tells me of a popular 1)ook on 

 the domestic silkworm by Aureliano Velez C, published in 1923, 

 and still another on silk by Ernesto Murillo published the same year. 



Still another paper that Professor Ballou has seen is by Rafael 

 A. Torro, a 34-page pamphlet published in 1927 and entitled (trans- 

 lated) "The Diseases and Pests of Plants: Their Causes and 

 Control." 



VENEZUELA 



In Venezuela there have been many both foreign and native col- 

 lectors, but economic entomology has received comparatively little 

 attention. In 1925 the Ministry of Fomento of that country pub- 

 lished a bulletin of 60 pages by Roberto Alamo Ybarra, Agricul- 

 tural Engineer, entitled (translated) " Two Insects Injurious to the 

 Cultivation of Cotton." One of these insects is a leaf-worm and the 

 other is a boll-worm. When the bulletin was published the author 

 was of the opinion that the leaf-worm was Alabama argiUacea, the 

 tropical species which flies north every summer and gives birth to the 

 so-called leaf-worm, or cotton caterpillar, of the southern United 

 States ; but, according to Dr. C. H. T. Townsend, it is probably a 

 species of Anomis. 



The insect considered as a boll-worm was, after the publication of 

 the bulletin, sent to the United States for identification, and, on 

 study. Dr. William Schaus of the United States National Museum 

 decided that it is Sacadodes pyralis Dyar. As a result of this identi- 

 fication and of further studies, a revision of the bulletin became nec- 

 essary, since, on the supposition that this boll-worm of Venezuela was 

 identical with the old cotton boll-worm of the United States, the 

 author had assumed a secondary host plant in maize and had based 



