WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY — HOWARD 469 



described Culcx pnnctipcnnis, which he said was common on the Mis- 

 sissippi and that he had observed it in considerable numbers on the 

 Eastern Shore of Maryland. Following his description of A. quad- 

 rimaciilatiis a year later, he stated that he had been informed by 

 Wiedemann that his Culex punctipennis was a true Anopheles. 



We had been collecting- mosquitoes with much assiduity for some 

 time, and were fortunate in having associated with us Mr. D. W. 

 Coquillett, a very well informed dipterologist. In the late spring of 

 1900, Mr. F. C. Pratt, of the office, brought in from his home across 

 the Potomac in Virginia not far from Alexandria some living mos- 

 quitoes that had been annoying him and which, he noticed, dififered 

 not only in appearance from those that he well knew but also in their 

 humming note which, he said, was distinctly lower in the harmonic 

 scale than that of the other mosquitoes. Mr. Coquillett recognized 

 this form as Anopheles quadrimaciilatiis, and gravid females were 

 confined in breeding-jars, and immediately deposited their eggs. Dur- 

 ing the following weeks I kept these jars in my office and was able to 

 follow the transformations of the species for a complete generation 

 and have competent figures made of the dififerent stages by Miss 

 Sullivan. 



So great was the interest at that time in the malarial discoveries 

 that I published at once an account of the transformations, with illus- 

 trations, in the Scientific American for July 7. Earlier in the season, 

 by invitation, I attended the annual meeting of the American Medical 

 Association at Atlantic City, and gave a paper on malarial mosqui- 

 toes before the section on the theory and practice of medicine, illus- 

 trating it with lantern-slides. The paper excited much interest and an 

 active discussion. 



Bringing together all the facts that had accumulated in the office 

 and laboratories about mosquitoes, I prepared that summer Bulletin 

 25, new series, entitled " Notes on the Mosquitoes of the United 

 States : Giving Some Account of Their Structure and Biology, with 

 Remarks on Remedies," and this bulletin was published in a large 

 edition to meet a very great popular demand. Fortunately it appeared 

 in time to be used by Gorgas and LePrince in their clean-up of 

 Habana. 



In the spring of 1901, following a year of much activity in work- 

 ing, writing, and lecturing on the subject, I prepared the volume 

 entitled " Mosquitoes : How They Live ; How They Carry Disease ; 

 How They Are Classified ; Flow They May Be Destroyed." The 

 volume was promptly published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New 

 York, and was widely read. Surgeon General Sternberg had a large 



