WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY — HOWARD 477 



insects. After his death in 1925 the health-insect work was taken over 

 by Mr. F. C. Bishopp, the part relating to malaria remaining in charge 

 of Dr. W. V. King who had succeeded the original appointee at 

 Mound, Capt. D. L, Van Dine. 



Quite recently Dr. G. F. White and Dr. W. E. Dove of the Bureau 

 have investigated the cause of creeping eruption in Florida, discov- 

 ering that it is not due as had been supposed to a larval insect but to 

 a nematode worm. 



All through this period the Bureau, in this work, has been in a some- 

 what ambiguous position. Live stock work belongs to the Bureau of 

 Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture. All work relating 

 to public health belongs to the United States Public Health Service. 

 At the same time, it was felt that the Bureau could make important 

 contributions, with its force specifically trained in economic ento- 

 mology. 



The World War brought about great and immediate stimulus to 

 the study of medical entomology. The necessity for the services of 

 entomologists was appreciated by the warring nations in Europe at 

 a considerably earlier date than in this country, but later the ento- 

 mologists over here were drawn in and important work was carried 

 on in cooperation with the office of the Surgeon General of the Army 

 and with the Committee on Medicine of the National Research Coun- 

 cil. A number of entomologists were drawn into the Army, largely 

 for work in connection with the health of the troops in concentra- 

 tion encampments on this side, and in several of these great con- 

 centration camps entomologists were placed in entire charge of mat- 

 ters of mosquito and fly control, under medical command or under 

 sanitary engineers. I have gone into the matter of entomology and 

 the war rather extensively in an article under this title published in 

 the Scientific Monthly for February, 1919, and reprinted in the Smith- 

 sonian Report for that year. 



Following the war, a number of articles and several books were 

 published describing the details of procedure in malaria control at 

 various points near the front and in concentration camps. A good 

 example of these papers is a small book by Willoughby and Cassidy, 

 of the British service, entitled "Antimalaria Work in Macedonia 

 Among British Troops" (H. K. Lewis & Co., Ltd., London, 1919). 

 It is interesting to note that in this book is stressed the importance 

 of the choice of camp sites for the many troops not actually in the 

 front line. This is an interesting contrast to the deliberate choice by 

 the medical authorities of our own Army of many concentration 

 camps in this country in notorious mosquito and malarious regions. 



