WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 489 



Guiteras never quite believed Noguchi's announcement years later of 

 his discovery of the causative organism of yellow fever. And it 

 may also be worth mention that when I wrote a review of Guiteras' 

 paper (published in Habana) and submitted it to two scientific jour- 

 nals in the United States, publication was refused. 



The Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro has a very high repu- 

 tation in medical circles. It was one of the first administrative organi- 

 zations to accept and act upon the mosquito discoveries in regard to 

 yellow fever ; and the energetic work inspired by this organization rid 

 Rio of yellow fever in an amazingly short time. In 1909 Dr. Oswaldo 

 Cruz himself visited the United States and spent some time in Wash- 

 ington. Dyar, Knab, and I were engaged at that time in the prepa- 

 ration of the Carnegie monograph of mosquitoes, and Cruz, a hand- 

 some and delightful man (apparently in his forties), was much im- 

 pressed by what he saw here. He told me that the principal assis- 

 tants in the Institute of which he was the head were given traveling 

 fellowships from time to time and that most of them had gone to 

 Europe to study, but that he wanted the next one to come to Wash- 

 ington. So in 1 910, Dr. Arturo Neiva came on traveling leave and 

 spent some months here. While he was here he wrote for us an impor- 

 tant part of the chapter on malaria in the first volume of " The Mos- 

 quitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies." The 

 section headed " The Malarial Organisms " (pages 188-194) was 

 written by him. Although it was not signed by him, its authorship 

 is stated on page 6 of the introduction. In 191 2 Dr. A. Goeldi, a 

 Swiss long resident in Brazil, visited us. I met him later in the same 

 year at Oxford. He was author of a large work, published in 1905, 

 on the mosquitoes of Para. Dr. A. Lutz, very well known for his 

 important work at Sao Paulo and later at Rio de Janeiro and who had 

 long been a correspondent, visited Washington in 1927. In former 

 years Doctor Lutz, in addition to his other important investigations, 

 carried on in Brazil important work with insect-borne diseases and 

 was the first author to take up the subject of the importance of the 

 forest malaria, about which there has since been considerable contro- 

 versy arising no doubt largely from the rather widely differing habits 

 of the different species of Anopheles and due possibly also to the 

 presence in forests of other mammalian hosts of the disease.* 



^ The Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro has continued to do wonderful 

 work in medical entomology. It issues a publication called " Memorias de Insti- 

 tute Oswaldo Cruz," now in its 23rd volume, and each part is filled with im- 

 portant articles, many of which relate to medical entomology, written by a 

 number of younger investigators of high standing. Dr. A. da Costa Lima, 

 32 



