WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY — HOWARD 515 



looked like not long ago. ... As an example of successful biological control 

 through cooperation among scientific men, the case of Levuana could hardly 

 be excelled. 



FORMOSA 



In 1925, M. Ishida, Entomologist of the Stigar Experiment Station 

 at Formosa, worked on parasites of the woolly sugar cane aphis 

 (Oregtna lanigera). This scale insect is an important pest to cane in 

 the Orient, especially in French Indo-China, and also in Formosa. 

 Search for its natural enemies resulted in the importation of a Cocci- 

 nellid, Coelophora hiplagiata, from Formosa to Java, and of a Chalcid 

 parasite, Encarsia Uavosciitellmn from Java into Formosa. Two 

 Coccinellids were also taken from Java to Formosa. It seems that two 

 attempts were made to take over the Encarsia, but failed, owing to 

 the short life of the adults. A third was reported in 1926 by P. van 

 Harreveld as being in course. 



Obviously the journey was too long, and a relay station was neces- 

 sary. Ishida, writing again in March, 1929, in the Report of the 

 Government Research Institute of Formosa, states that Hongkong 

 was used as a relay station, and parasites were reared there from 

 material received from Java and then relayed to Formosa and success- 

 fully liberated in large nimibers. 



FRANCE 



Practically all of the French attempts at introduction are mentioned 

 in Doctor Trouvelot's list. In 1910 Icerya spread from Italy into 

 France, and the introduction of seven specimens of Novius from 

 Portici to Cap Ferrat in the South of France rapidly resulted in the 

 wiping out of the infestation. Wherever Icerya appeared thereafter 

 in the South of France the Australian ladybird was used with equal 

 effect. 



The importations of Hahrohracon joliannseni from California to 

 help destroy the potato tuber-moth were first agitated in 191 9, and 

 these attempts have met with apparent sitccess from time to time. For 

 example, Trouvelot reported in 1924 that the success was considerable. 

 But the parasite has apparently since died out, and further impor- 

 tations are desirable. 



The introductions of Cryptolaenius montrousieri against mealy- 

 bugs have been successful; but the 192 1 importation of Hippodamia 

 convergens, also from the United States, was apparently not 

 successful. 



The visit of Doctor Trouvelot to the United States in 1928 resulted 

 in further attempts to introduce and establish Doryphorophaga, an 



