WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 521 



remained there from November, 1913, to February, 1914, studying 

 insects. He attempted to introduce Novius from South Africa into 

 Mauritius, but failed. He also attempted to introduce a Hymenop- 

 terous parasite of a cutworm, but failed. He also tried to introduce 

 certain Scoliid wasps from Barbados, but apparently failed. In 191 5 

 he reported a further attempt to introduce the Barbadian wasp 

 {Tiphia parallela) and mentioned the fact that incjuiries were being 

 made in Madagascar where two promising species of Tiphia were 

 reported. In 1917 he introduced one of these wasps, Scolia orycto- 

 phaga, and assured its persistence by the presence of certain flower- 

 ing plants upon the nectar of which the wasps fed. Four other species 

 of Scoliid wasps were introduced from Madagascar, according to 

 this report of 191 7. 



In 1927, de Charmoy in his report stated that, although the total 

 area of sugar cane infested by Lachnostcrua siiiithi was about 41,000 

 acres, only 2.500 acres were actually damaged. Control measures, 

 particularly the introduction of the parasite Tiphia parallela, were 

 responsil)le. I believe that the Madagascar wasps were equally suc- 

 cessful against the Oryctes. 



NEW ZEALAND 



In his " History of the Introduction of Beneficial Insects into New 

 Zealand " read at the Pan-Pacific Scientific Congress at Melbourne 

 in 1923, R. J. Tillyard shows that a Mantis, Ortlwdcra ministralis, 

 was introduced accidentally some time previous to i860; and that an 

 Australian Ichneumon fly, Lissopiiiipla sciiiipuiiclata, was also acci- 

 dentally introduced. He lists the other, purposeful, importations of 

 ladybirds from Australia and California. For example. Doctor Miller 

 calls my especial attention to the fact that the Eucalyptus scale, 

 Eriococcus coriaccus, a native of Australia, became in 1900 a serious 

 pest of Eucalyptus trees growing in New Zealand but was soon 

 controlled after the ladybird, Rhizohius vcntralis, was imported from 

 Australia by Kirk and liberated in New Zealand. Tillyard also men- 

 tions the fact that the European parasite. CaUicpliialics mcssor, of 

 the codling moth, that had been introduced into California by Com- 

 pere from Spain, was introduced into New Zealand in 1906. Doctor 

 Miller tells me that this importation eventually proved to be a flat 

 failure. According to Tillyard, Entcdon cpigonus and Platygaster 

 minutus were in 1893 introduced from England against the Hessian 

 fly. He mentions also the introduction of Aphclinus mali from the 

 United States and the great success that it had in New Zealand. An 

 interesting little Chalcidid parasite, Habrolcpis daluiani, was several 

 34 



