524 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 84 



natural enemies of the fruit-fly that George Compere had found there 

 and had introduced into Western AustraHa. The expedition was a 

 faikire, as no eiTective enemies were found. 



Professor Lounsbury interested himself very much in these impor- 

 tation questions. In his report for 1908 he mentions an attempt to 

 introduce the Calliephialtes parasite of the codling moth from Spain ; 

 and also mentions the fact that he was trying to import a parasite of 

 the red scale from West Australia, hut he does not mention the name 

 of the i)arasite. Also in that year he attempted to introduce a parasite 

 of ticks fjom Texas, HmitcrcUns hookcri How., but the issuing para- 

 sites ignored the Cape of Good Hope ticks that were offered to them. 

 In his report for 1909 he referred again to the Spanish parasite of 

 the codling moth and once more to the same tick parasite. 



In a circular published in 1917 (Local Series No. 24) Lounsbury 

 refers to the damage done by Pharacantha scmipunctata, known as 

 the firewood beetle, to Eucalyptus logs prol)al)ly introduced into South 

 Africa from Australia in newly cut railway sleepers. He stated that 

 in its native country this beetle has important parasitic enemies not 

 occurring in South Africa, and adds, " and attempts cannot be made 

 to introduce them until shipping facilities become normal." 



In 1920 Aphclinus mali was sent to South Africa by ]\Ir. A. E. 

 Lundie, then studying at Cornell University. There have been 

 variable results in different parts of the country, some apparently 

 very good. 



In his report for 1922 it appears that parasites of the codling moth 

 had been introduced from America and established in South Africa, 

 but no further information was given. 



In 1924 it was reported that attempts to establish three Italian 

 parasites of the codling moth in South Africa failed. Neither Calli- 

 ephialtes, Pimpla, nor an egg-parasite of the genus Ascogaster proved 

 of any practical value. 



In 1926 the Mymarid parasite of the Eucalyptus snout-beetle was 

 brought over from AustraHa early in the year, became established 

 during the summer, and succeeded in over-wintering in all parts of 

 the country where intro<luced. During the summer of 1927-28 these 

 parasites were liberated throughout the infested area in the Transvaal, 

 Orange Free State, and Natal. 



SPAIN 



In 1923, as reported by M. Aullo, ScJicdius kuvanac How., an egg- 

 parasite of the gipsy moth, was imported from the United States 

 into Spain. 



