WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 525 



In 1923 also the Agricultural Department of Catalonia, Spain, 

 introduced Opius coucolor from Tripoli for use against the olive fly. 

 Eight thousand two hundred and twenty individuals of the parasite 

 were received and liberated. 



In the same year Noviiis cardinalis was also introduced to check 

 leery a. 



In 1926 R. Garcia y Mercet discussed the parasites of the red scale 

 that had been imported into Spain from Menton, France, and from 

 Chiavari, Italy — all Aphelinines, originally received in Italy from 

 Madeira and in France from the United States. 



In 1926 or 1927, Cryptolacniiis montrousieri was introduced from 

 Menton at the Phytopathological Station at Valencia, Spain. In 1928 

 it was reported to have become established and to have already done 

 good work. 



SWITZERLAND 



In 1923, ApJicliniis uiali was introduced from Germany into 

 Switzerland. 



I eery a purcJiasi made its appearance in 1924 on Acacia and Citrus 

 at Tessin. Noviiis eardinalis was imported from Menton, France, 

 with its usual success. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



The United States Bureau of Entomology. — The early efforts of 

 the United States in this direction have for the most part been indi- 

 cated in Doctor Trouvelot's list, but something additional may be said. 

 The early importation of Novius cardinalis from Australia was a 

 Federal matter. The credit must belong to Professor Riley who con- 

 ceived the idea, conducted the preliminary correspondence, and 

 selected from the paid employees of the Department, Albert Koebele 

 to make the trip, and D. W. Coquillett to receive and care for the 

 material in southern California. Koeljele made a second trip a year or 

 so later, at the expense of the State of California, but still retaining 

 his position in the Federal Bureau, and imported several other Cocci- 

 nellids, notably Cryptolaemus montrousieri which has proved to be 

 such a great success in many parts of the world against mealy-bugs. 

 He also sent over Orcus ehalybcus and O. australasiae to prey upon the 

 red scale and also upon the black scale, but neither of these species 

 seems to have maintained itself in California. 



Another of the instances listed by Doctor Trouvelot should be 

 mentioned a little more fully : Dr. R. S. Woglum was sent to India 

 in 1910 to search for a parasite of the so-called white fly of the 



