WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 529 



Commissioner of Horticulture for December, 191 5, he lists the bene- 

 ficial insects imported during the period in which he was connected 

 with the State Insectary. Later Mr. Smith was appointed a professor 

 in the University of California and was sent to Riverside where he 

 has since worked at the great Citrus Experiment Station. He went 

 himself to the Orient in 1912 and 1913. He has reported on a number 

 of interesting introductions. In 191 3 he reported Scyninus bipuncta- 

 ius from the Philippines. In 1914 he reported upon the importation 

 of black-scale parasites from South Africa. Eleven species of unde- 

 termined parasites were said to have been reared from this material, 

 two of them in considerable numbers. Two of the primary parasites 

 issued from a young scale before the eggs were laid, and were ex- 

 pected to become valuable supplements to two of the other parasites 

 of the older scales, both of which attack them after the eggs are laid. 



In 1914 the State of California maintained a laboratory at Palermo, 

 Sicily, in charge of H. L. Viereck. He sent over mealy-bugs and 

 from these were reared Parale ptomastix abnonnis, Girault. Breed- 

 ing proceeded rapidly, and before many months large colonies were 

 placed in the orchards of southern California. H. S. Smith reported 

 in 1 91 7 that the parasite was thriving and increasing rapidly in all 

 the field colonies. He thought that it would become of great economic 

 value. One interesting thing about this parasite is its apparent resis- 

 tance to fumigation. 



In 1916 Mr. Smith reported the very recent introduction of two 

 Coccinellids from Japan — Chilocorus similis which feeds upon Coc- 

 cids, and Ptycliatmtis oxyridis which feeds voraciously upon all plant- 

 lice. 



In the same year he reported that Ootetrastichiis beat lis had been 

 received from Hawaii for use against the sugar beet leaf-hopper in 

 California. 



Also in 1916 it was reported by Mr. Smith and H. Compere that 

 the fly, Lestophonus iccryac, introduced by Koebele at the same time 

 as Noviiis cardinolis, in the lapse of years increased very slowly until 

 at the time of writing, in some places, especially on Acacias, it has 

 been a more important factor in the control of Icerya than the lady- 

 bird. 



The same men in 1920 wrote about the establishment of Aphycus 

 lounsbiiryi in southern California. It had been lil)erated in September, 

 19 1 9, from material received from South Africa. 



In 1923, Mr. Smith imported into southern California the South 

 African Coccinellid Scyinnus binacvatiis to feed upon mealy-bugs. 

 Several previous unsuccessful attempts had been made with this 

 beetle. 



