WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 537 



old Pesth. This was only one of many instances and was quite what 

 I might have expected from my general experience. 



As appreciation began to come from outside these circles, how- 

 ever, the eyes of the pure scientists began to be opened, not at first 

 to the merits of the scientific work being done by the economic ento- 

 mologists, but to the fact that they were getting support for their 

 work and that, therefore, if they expected financial support for their 

 own labors they must study the situation more than they had before. 

 A little instance of this was shown me on an early visit to Spain. The 

 Director of the Natural History Museum in Madrid, himself a famous 

 entomologist, Ignacio Bolivar, told me that he had arranged to have 

 one of his aids go to Budapest to study Diptera with Kertesz and 

 another one to Germany to study parasitic Hymenoptera with 

 Schmiedeknecht, and that his object was that, since these men could 

 then be in position to identify the parasites of injurious insects, he 

 could secure from his Government more appropriations for the 

 Museum. 



In this country and England, while, as we have pointed out, any 

 aspect of entomological work was for very many years considered 

 trivial, there were men here and there who for one reason or another 

 came to command the respect of their scientific colleagues either for 

 their remarkable work with insects or in spite of that fact. Thus, Sir 

 John Lubbock (afterwards Lord Avebury) was early elected to the 

 Royal Society and was a man who commanded great respect from his 

 scientific colleagues. He was President of the British Association for 

 the Advancement of Science in 1881. In the United States, John L. 

 LeConte, S. H. Scudder, and A. S. Packard were elected members 

 of the National Academy of Sciences, an organization which may be 

 compared in a way to the Royal Society of England, the Academic 

 des Sciences of Paris, and the Academia dei Lincei of Rome — 

 LeConte as an incorporator, Scudder in 1877, and Packard in 1872. 

 LeConte, by the way, was President of the great American Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science in 1874. These were decided 

 recognitions on the part of scientific men of individual entomologists, 

 but none of them were interested in economic entomology at the time 

 when these honors came to them, although it is true that Packard 

 subsecjuently wrote concerning the injurious insects of Massachusetts, 

 became a member of the United States Entomological Commission 

 and wrote a large volume on forest insects. 



Appreciation of economic entomology and economic entomologists, 

 although very slow in coming, appears now to be increasing rapidly. 

 Although for many years I had been Secretary of the American Asso- 

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