WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 539 



was wholly practical — economic. The idea originated in Holland, and 

 it is fair to suppose that the inciting idea was suggested loy the pro- 

 mulgation of Order No. 'i^'j of the Federal Horticultural Board of the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, which seemed to weigh 

 especially against the bulh-growers of Holland. The selection of the 

 present writer as Honorary President of this international conference 

 was probably thought to be a diplomatic move. The office was accepted 

 with pleasure, although as a matter of fact I had no official connection 

 with the Federal Horticultural Board and no official influence over 

 its actions. 



It was interesting to study the German, Austrian, and Hungarian 

 delegates as they came together with (especially) the French and the 

 English. It was obvious that they did not know how they were going 

 to be received and they were studying the situation — feeling out the 

 atmosphere. It was as though their antennae were stretched out 

 feeling for invisible waves. They were treated, however, with the 

 most perfect courtesy, and the tone of the whole conference was 

 cordial and unruffled. The conference itself was a significant one in 

 the history of plant i>rotection, although it had no especial bearing 

 upon the point we are trying to show in this chapter, which is the 

 growth and esteem among the workers in pure science for the workers 

 in applied entomology. 



By 1925 the Third International Congress of Entomology was 

 arranged and was held at Zurich. There men from many countries, 

 interested in all ]>hases of entomology, met in number and carried on 

 a meeting which lasted for six days. There had surely been a change 

 since the Oxford meeting. Very many economic entomologists were 

 present. The meetings of the Section of Economic Entomology were 

 largely attended. Two of the principal speakers at general sessions 

 of the whole Congress were economic entomologists, and the writer 

 had the honor of presiding over the first of these general sessions 

 after the opening session which of course was conducted by the 

 President of the Congress, Prof. A. v. Schulthess of Switzerland. 



Again, two years later, the Tenth International Congress of Zoology 

 was held at Budapest — the first since 191 2 at Monaco. Obvious inter- 

 national difterences were absent from this meeting. Germans, French, 

 English, Poles, Belgians, Austrians, Hungarians, Czechs, Jugoslavs, 

 Italians, Rumanians, and Americans met in a spirit of perfect fra- 

 ternity. Two of the best attended and most attractive general talks 

 were given by economic entomologists, and the Section of Economic 

 Zoology was not only popular but all of the papers jiresented before 

 this section referred to entomology. 



