l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 8l 



sirups in Maryland peach orchards in 1926, Siegler and Brown ob- 

 tained results similar to those of Peterson. Apricots were the most 

 attractive of the dried fruits used. A late report about baits for the 

 oriental fruit moth is by Frost (25), who discusses comparative tests 

 with various baits, factors affecting the catches of moths, and the 

 value of bait pails as a means of control. He believes that this method 

 may find a definite place in the control of this moth. The latest report 

 consulted on this subject is by Stear (83), who says that bait pans 

 offer little hope in practical control. 



Supposing that the codling moth was attracted to fruit trees by 

 odors, Yetter (92) conducted a large series of experiments in Colo- 

 rado, using 35 aromatic chemicals. Of these only five attracted moths 

 in sufficient numbers to give promising results. These five are isobutyl- 

 phenyl acetate, diphenyl oxide, bromo styrol, benzyl benzoate, and 

 safrol. He firmly believed that, if trapping were systematically carried 

 out by all the growers in the Grand Valley and for the entire season, 

 much could be accomplished in checking the damage done by this pest. 



Yetter and Yothers each seem to have begun testing baits in 1923, 

 but the latter did not publish his results until 1927. Yothers' (93) 

 summary follows in part : Cooked, fermented apple juice, containing 

 some of the apple pulp, proved more attractive than did vinegar or 

 cider. A molasses ferment proved much more effective than did apple 

 ferment, honey ferment, or any one of two dozen essential oils. 

 Of the essential oils only three — clove, citronella, and sassafras — 

 proved attractive to codling moths. About 55 or 60 per cent of the 

 moths caught were females, and 95 per cent of these were gravid. 

 The baits gave a good indication of the beginning and end of the 

 codling-moth season, the appearance of each brood, and the maximum 

 abundance of each. This information may be used to advantage in 

 arranging spray dates for moth control. In bait tests final counts of 

 fruit showed an increase of from 12 to 16 per cent of fruit over similar 

 plots without traps. Yothers believes than an attractive bait may yet 

 be discovered which will be so attractive that this method may then be 

 recommended as a satisfactory supplementary control measure. 



Yetter's first report encouraged others to try this supplementary 

 control measure. Spuler (82) found codling moths to be attracted in 

 large numbers to a fermented bait consisting of one gallon of apple 

 cider, one-half pound of brown sugar, and one yeast cake. Approxi- 

 mately 60 per cent of the moths caught were females. It was concluded 

 that the bait traps will reduce the number of moths in an orchard, thus 

 serving as an important supplement to spraying, and will furnish infor- 



