NO. lO 



TROPISMS OF LEPIDOPTERA McINDOO 



33 



while the others He on the sting, head, and head appendages. The indi- 

 viduals were allowed 60 seconds in which to respond. All of the pores 

 on 31 unmutilated bees responded to the odors from honey, pollen, and 

 leaves of pennyroyal in four seconds (48, pp. 283, 284) ; that is, in 

 one-fifteenth of the entire maximum time allowed for the response. 

 Twenty bees with their legs covered with a mixture of beeswax and 

 vaseline, leaving supposedly yy per cent of the pores elsewhere to 



Fig. II. — Diagrams of Minnich's apparatus used in testing insects to olfactory 

 and gustatory stimuli. A, Section of an odor chamber made of a rectangular 

 museum jar, showing a butterfly, held by a wire («') and a spring clothes pin 

 (j), responding with extended proboscis (/>) to apple juice (a). (After Min- 

 nich.) B, Perspective view of apparatus used to show that butterflies "taste" 

 with their tarsi ; a and h, two small rectangular tin pans, a containing a cheese- 

 cloth pack wet with apple juice and h containing a similar cloth wet with dis- 

 ^tilled water; and d. a Petri dish nearly full of apple juice in which stand the 

 'tin pans just beneath two openings in a wire screen {$') . The arrows, /, 3, and j, 

 represent the positions in which the butterflies were tested, the position of the 

 walking legs being indicated by the cross-bars. (Redrawn from Minnich's two 

 figures.) 



function, responded 2. 5 times more slowly (p. 336) or gave a response 

 of 83.3 per cent. Twenty-eight bees with their wings pulled off, 

 leaving 46 per cent of the pores elsewhere to function, responded eight 

 times more slowly (p. 335) or gave a response of 46.7 per cent. And 

 finally, 20 bees with their legs covered with the beeswax-vaseline 

 mixture and their wings ]nilled off, leaving supposedly only 23 per 

 cent of the pores located elsewhere to function, responded 11 times 

 more slowly (p. I'Sl) oi' g^ve a response of 26.7 per cent. 



