l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 8l 



The Castaneda Report refers to the supporting pillars as follows : 



The young men live in the estufas, which are in the yards of the village. 

 They are underground, square or round, virith pine pillars. Some were seen 

 with twelve pillars and with four in the center as large as two men could 

 stretch around. They usually had three or four pillars.' 



And again : 



At this village they saw the largest and finest hot rooms or estufas that 

 there were in the entire country, for they had a dozen pillars, each one of 

 which was twice as large around as one could reach and twice as tall as a man.' 



The feature has been fotmd in other prehistoric ruins, however, for 

 to quote from Judd : 



fragments of curved adobe walls remained on the eastern side and these, if 

 continued, would have circled a central fireplace about which four large pillars 



[posts?] formerly stood kivas with roofs supported by uprights were 



noted, also, during preceding expeditions.' 



The fallen roof masses on the floor were not in condition to give 

 further information concerning the construction. Scattered all 

 through the debris were fragments of human and animal bones, as 

 well as a few pottery sherds. There were no indications of burials 

 in the kiva. 



The fireplace (pi. 5, B), in about the center of the floor, was un- 

 usually fine. When first found it was full to the top with wood ashes. 



Its inside diameter was two feet three inches. To the east of the 

 fireplace stood a flat river boulder about one foot wide and one and 

 one-half feet high; next to this (east) was a small pit, oval in form 

 and measuring one foot nine inches by one foot six inches, with a 

 depth of nine inches. The use of this pit is not known. Four feet 

 east of this, in the wall, was a doorway measuring two feet in height 

 and one foot in width from which a passage, roofed over with poles 

 four inches in diameter, led through the wall for a distance of four 

 feet. Here it ended abruptly against another wall. The east ven- 

 tilator was directly above this, but was not connected with the passage. 

 The only entrance to it appeared to be from the kiva. 



No ceremonial objects of any kind were found in the kiva proper. 



* Winship, Translation of the Castaneda Report. 14th iA.nn. Rep. Bur. Amer. 

 Ethnol., page 518. 



'Idem, page 511. 



'Judd, Neil M., Archeological Investigations at Paragonah, Utah. Smith- 

 sonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 70, No. 3, p. 15. 



