AND ITS EFFECTS UPON ANIMAL LIFE. 9 



4.2 mg. of O. They were unable to obtain any alkaloid reaction in the condensed 

 fluid, oi' in its distillates, l)y means of PtCl^, Au CI3, KCdl, KBil, KI, Bouchardet's 

 reagent, KgCrO^, pici-ic acid, metawolfraniic acid, or [•liosphowolfraniic acid. 

 Only sublimate gave at times an opalescence which, like the yellow coloration of 

 the Nessler reagent, pointed to ti'aces of Nil 3. Neither could they succeed, accord- 

 ing to the method of Wurtz, in obtaining a lime or oxalic acid-free filtrate. The 

 ammoniacal silver solution, accoi'ding to Browu-Sequard and d'Arsonval's method, 

 failed to give the desired i-eaction— I'emaining clear. They confined a man, clothed 

 in his working clothes, in a zinc cage for about one-half an hour, then allowed a 

 boy and girl to inhale the air from the cage. No ill effects, e.xcept increase of 

 i-espirations to 30 and 40 per minute, were noticeable. They had complete negative 

 results from inoculations of condensed fluid into animals. 



Lipai'i and Crisafulli, in 1889-90, (26), i-eported results wbicli were in accord 

 with those of Dasti'e and Loye, and dii'ectly opposed to those of Browu-Sequard 

 and d'Arsonval. They could find no organic princi[)le possessing toxic properties 

 in the expired breath of healthy persons. 



Mai'gouty, in 1891, (27), reported the results of experiments similar to those 

 of Hammond, and also of experiments in injecting fluid condensed from expired air 

 into animals. His results did not correspond to those reported by Hammond, and 

 there was no evidence of toxic propei'ties in the injected fluids. 



Haldane and Smith, in 1892, (28), published an account of experiments in 

 which an air-tight chamber, 6 feet 2 inches high, 2 feet 11 inches wide, and 3 feet 

 11 inches long, was employed. Samples of air for analysis wei-e drawn oft' 

 through a tube placed in the wall of the chamber, about three feet from the floor. 

 When one person remained in this chamber until the vitiation was from ten to 

 twenty times as great as in the most crowded and woi-st ventilated public build- 

 ings, there was no perceptible odoi- or sense of oppression. Air vitiated to such an 

 extent as to completely prevent a match from burning had no appreciable effect 

 upon the subject of the experiment. In other experiments hyperncea and other 

 phenomena produced were appai'ently due to the increased, proportion of carbonic 

 acid. 



With rabbits weighing 1800 grammes, hgematuria was produced when the 

 amount of boiled distilled water injected passed, beyond 100 c. c, and, therefore, 

 80 c. c. were taken as the maximum dose. 



To obtain the condensed liquid, from the lungs, a man expired through a Lie- 

 big condenser, in the jacket of Avhich was flowing a stream of ice-cold water. The 

 condensation liquid was collected in a flask, the bulb of which was buried in ice ; 

 and when the required amount (SO c. c.) had been obtained, it was at once injected 



