AND ITS EFFECTS UPON ANIMAL LIFE. 



35 



eighteen per minute. Tliis was also caused by the slight obstruction to the respiratory current 

 prolonging the e.xpiratory movement. Inlialation took place through tlie nose. 



DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE 2. 



This apparatus was used to condense moisture from the expired breath. It consists of a glass 

 mouth-piece, a, having an internal diameter of seven millimetres ; its length being twenty centime- 

 tres. The distal end of this tube is bent at an obtuse'angle and is connected with a glass tube of 

 similar size, bent at right angles, and inserted through one of the openings of the rubber stopper 

 of the wide-mouthed flask b. The other opening of this stopper carries a similar glass tube, also 

 bent at right angles, attached to the proximal arm of the condenser c. To the distal arm of the 

 condenser is attached another glass tube, also bent at right angles, passing through one of the 

 openings of the rubber stopper of the wide-mouthed flask e. The other opening in this stopper 

 carries a glass tube of similar size, also bent at riglit angles, jiassing nearly to the bottom of the 

 flask. The different parts of the apparatus are connected together by means of short pieces of 

 stout, closely fitting rubber tubing. The small wide-mouthed flask /' serves as a receptacle for 

 saliva. The tubing in the stopper closing its mouth terminates just below its inner surface. Tlie 

 condenser c is U-shaped, with each of its arms bent at right angles about half-way down to the 

 lower dilated portion, and has an internal diameter of seven millimetres. The dilated portion of 

 the condenser is twelve centimetres in length and four centimetres in its external diameter. The 

 small wide-mouthed flask e is nearly filled with small, pea-sized pieces of pumice-stone saturated 

 with concentrated sulphuric acid. This serves to arrest the organic matter in any air that might 

 accidentally enter from this side of the apparatus. The U-shaped condenser rests in a s(iuare 

 glass dish d, 20 x 8 x 8 centimetres in its external dimensions, containing cracked ice. 



Fig. 2. — Apparatus to condense moisture from the expired breatli. 



In order to adapt the mouth-piece of this apparatus to the fistulous opening in the throat of 

 the man that had had his larynx removed, the proximal end of the mouth-piece was attached to a 

 porcelain mouth-piece used for speaking-tubes. This was padded with several layers of cheese 

 cloth, and the loose end of this tied around his neck to hold it in position. In this manner he was 

 able to exhale through the apparatus without any difficulty. 



Sonieof the conden.sed fluid was collected from my own breath and that of other healthy 

 persons ; other portions were collected from a man having a permanent fistulous opening in his 

 throat through which he breathed ; there being no connection whatever with the mouth and upper 

 air passages. Some fluid was also collected from the breath of a man suffering from advanced 

 tubercular disease of the lungs. 



The amount of free and albuminoid ammonia in this condensed fluid, as estimated according' 

 to the well-known method of Wanklyn, Chapman, and Smith, is shown in Table B, together with 

 the amount of fluid used in each of these determinations and the time required to collect these 

 portions of fluid. A definite portion of the fluid was diluted with 500 c. c. of twice distilled water. 



