THE STRTTCTTJRE OF THE NUCLEUS. 



19 



ness was to be anticipated from tbem ; but they show clearly that the enormous 

 initial emanation from fresh phosphorus is all but \vi|)e(l out, relatively speaking, 

 after the phosphorus has been dried preliminarily over calcic cliloride. Whether 

 in the rigorous absence of all moisture phos[)iiorus would cease to ionize air, 

 remains to be seen. It is also a question whether the desiccation over calcic 

 chloride may not be accompanied l)y deti'imental chemical action, I'eferable to the 

 chloride. 



21. Effect of p7'olon,ged drying. — A final attempt was made to see if, after 

 continued drying over calcic chloride, the ionization woidd be wiped out altogether. 

 The followino' table shows this to have been unsuccessful, althou"!! the conduction 

 falls to low values. The room was favorably dry and warm and the leakage 

 errors in the condenser not appreciable. The effect of long e.Kposure is shown in 

 the first part of table 10. After nearly 5 hours the potency of the ionizer is not 

 diminished (see figure 11). It has rather iuci'eased, due possibly to the attraction 

 of traces of moisture even within the permanently dried tube of the appai-atus, 

 figure 1. An extra tul)e of calcic chloride was attached. In the second part of this 

 table the temperature effect is again tested for this specially dried phosphorus. 

 The corresponding graph is shown in figure 10, and the ionization is weaker than in 

 any earlier experiment. Nevertheless the results show maximum activity in the 

 neighborhood of 20°, though even at 12° the ionization is not quite extinguished. 



TABLE lo.— PROMISCUOUS EXPERIMENTS WITH VERY DRY PHOSPHORUS. 

 E„ = 40 VOLTS. ROOM HOT. INSULATION PERFECT. EFFECT OF 



TIME. s„ ~ 70. 



EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE. 



.10 



.04 



•03 

 .09 



.lO 



.09 



The exceptionally low ionization is not accounted for except as due to deficient 

 phosphorus, the natural result of long continued consumption. 



22. Promiscuous experiments.— Y{ix\nng investigated the effect of the tempera- 

 ture of the body of phosphorus on its emanation, I next purposed to ascertain the 



