1>_>S THE STRrrrtTRK OF THE NITCLEUS. 



Tlie first values of // are (•(.mimteil from // = 30, A = lo^.a, B = AHMM ; the secoiul 

 from the vahies, » = 0, A = '2iVdf>, B — .l.")0. The latter e<iuatioii, though 

 siiui)lei-, is decidedly better, for the dilution of 1/1 0« can not be vouched for even 

 in case of the best of pure water. 



The data for c (grams of dry salt in 100 cub. cm. of solution), n observed, 

 B, A, as well as «oi (computed number of nuclei obtained by shaking a 1 ^ solu- 

 tion) are all inserted in table 24. The table also contains tiie time rates or ratios 

 of promiscuously distributed increments 6ii/st, the absorption velocities k in centinis. 

 per minute, at which the nuclei vanish, and other relevant matter. A number of 

 •rraphs in ii and Jc are siiowii in their relations to the logarithmic concentra- 

 tion, \oft e, are given in figures 12-15. The need of a logarithmic abscissa should 

 be noted. 



40. A/(is.s action. — An ins[>ection of the data for // lor the 1 '/o solutions seems 

 to reveal no relation to their molecular or equivalent weight, nor to any of their 

 better-known electrical constants, as has already been intimated. If we except 

 pure water and certain exceptional cases needing further interpretation, like the 

 earlv data for HCl on the one hand and those of Na.^SO^ on the other, the mean 

 number of nuclei produced from the saline series in 10 shakes is about 200 per 

 cub. cm., and this holds for a variety of salts of which the valencies of the metal 

 involved vary hugely. In general, therefore, the number of nuclei produced under 

 like conditi(»ns is dependent on the mass of saline solute in stdution. These facts 

 are also illustrated by the graph figure 16, in which the abscissas are merely 

 distributive and the oidinates show the values of n. 



The organic solutes and in paiticuLu- the neutral l^odies may be easily dis- 

 tinguished from the salts as a separate class, the latter showing about one half the 

 nuclei pioducing power of the former. 



The constants A and B have no obvious relation. In other words, the effect 

 of dilution on n is sometimes marked, at other times negligible. 



41. Dependence of the ahsorptiun velocity on the conceniration of the solution. 

 — It will next be necessary to proceed with a somewhat similar deduction for the 

 absorption velocity, k = —(Ji/S){(lii/ii<lt), so that kn nuclei are absorbed pei' 

 minute per square centim. at the boundary. Figures 17, 18, and 10 will be of 

 assistance to this end. A relation between I and //, apart from the solute, has not 

 been made out. The lelation of k to // is characterized by specific constants f(»r 

 each body, which in every case :ire of such a nature that X; markedly increases 

 while n decreases, and particularly on approacdiing the very dilute solutions. Cf. 

 figures 12 ir». Hence ^ begins to increase at enormously accelerated rates when 

 the variations of n have subsided. This region is very near pure water, or occurs 

 when the logarithmic concentration falls iielow lt)g c r= — ■">, <ir — 4. The recipro- 

 cal relations of /i and I- are noteworthy. 



Low values of v and high values of k seeiri to be associated with the neutral 

 organic solutes. In case of tartaric acid, however, though // is small, the value of k 

 is exceptionally high. If we take this as a type of acid organic solutes, the nuclei 

 ])roduced are remarkably persistent apart fi-om cases of the ve?y lowest dilution. 



r 



