CURCULIONIDAE. 459 



approximate; sometimes connate, and rarely single (Bra- 

 clijybanius, Mouonycbus, Barileptou, and Eisonyx), entirely 

 wanting in some ibreign genera. 



This family is by far the largest in the Rhynehophora, and 

 therefore exhibits a greater range of variation in some of the 

 important organs than is observed in the other families. Certain 

 of the most remarkable divergenees from the average type may, 

 however, be separated as sub-families, exhibiting relationships 

 with other families, without losing the essential characters of 

 this family; that is to say, the mandibles without scar, the tarsi 

 with the third joint more or less dilated, or not spinous beneath, 

 the antennae with annulated or articulated club. 



Of such sub-families five may be recognized in our fauna; all 

 of very limited extent, except the Curculioniuse. 



They may be separated as follows: — 



A. Condyles of mandibles on outer side, motion lateral ; 



Mandibles stout, feebly emarginate at tip, with tlie inner edge 

 sharp ; gnlar peduncle broad ; beak short, broad. 



(p. 459) SlTONIN.E. 



Handiljles without sharp inner edge; apparently emarginate at tip, 

 with an additional cusp; giilar peduncle broad; 



Antenuje geniculate ; gular margin prominent, peduncle and 

 mentum retracted ; claws not toothed. (p. 460) Alophin^. 



Antennae straight, club annulated, gular margin not prominent; 



claws toothed. (p. 46*2) Ithycerin^. 



Mandibles varying in form, usually 3-toothed, sometimes oblique 



without teeth,* gular margin not prominent, peduncle usually 



long ; 



Antennae straight, 11-jointed, inserted in fovese, hind trochanters 

 long. (p. 463) Apiomn^. 



Antennae geniculate, rostrum with distinct scrobes, hind trochan- 

 ters short. (p. 464) Curculionin^. 



B. Condyles of mandibles on upper side, motion vertical. 



(p. 497) Balani.mx^. 



Sub-Family I.— SITONIN.^^. 



The si)ecics of this sub-family have been heretofore classed with 

 the Otiorhynchide grouj) Naupacti. They difller, however, essen- 

 tially by family characters; the mandibles are short, very stout 

 with the outer side convex, roughly i)unctured, and quite destitute 

 of the apical scar which indicates the deciduous cusp; they are 



. * In Desmoris thev are also toothed on the outer edge as in Rhynchitid*. 



