l66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



tenango, the city of Xochimilco, Xuchiquautia, Yxcateopa, Yguala, 

 Yahualica. And in this Archdiocese the Marques del Valle appoints 

 one Alcalde Mayor in the town of Cuernavaca, and two Corregi- 

 dores — one in Coyoacan, the other in the town of Toluca. 



466. The Archdiocese includes round about the lake many villages 

 and cities of mixed Indian and Spanish population ; it would be im- 

 possible to describe them all in detail. The most important are the 

 city of Xochimilco, which means Flower City; Chalco, which means 

 People of the Mouths ; Texcoco, in which Fernando Cortes made 

 his preparations, and which means Crooked People; and up by the 

 volcano and the sierra are the village of Amecameca and others. This 

 volcano and sierra separate the Archdiocese of Mexico from the Dio- 

 cese of Puebla de Los Angeles ; the towns to the N. of the sierra and 

 volcano belong to Tlaxcala, and those on the S. and W., to Mexico. 

 The sierra has much forest on its slopes — cypresses which make it 

 look like Mount Zion, pines, oaks, and other trees — and in many of 

 the villages they raise and prepare the finest of cochineal. In this dis- 

 trict they grow much wheat, corn, and other cereals, for the fields and 

 meadows are fertile ; they have abundance of broad pastures, on 

 which graze quantities of cattle, sheep, and hogs, so that the country 

 is well supplied. 



467. Going southward, one comes to the village of Tepexco on the 

 slope of a range where they get excellent alum. After this range it 

 becomes level, down to Chiautla in the hot country, where they raise 

 quantities of corn and cotton, and on the mountains they gather copal 

 resin ; the principal yield is in November, when they gash the trees 

 for it to run. Next comes the village of Ocotlan, whose chief income 

 is derived from salt, which they make from a brine spring. From 

 here along a southerly course one comes upon the villages of Con- 

 tecomapa and Gualtepeque, where they speak the Mixteca language ; 

 here there is a sierra of very fine green jasper verging on porphyry. 

 At this point it touches the Diocese of Oaxaca ; leaving some villages 

 at one side, one reaches Otuculula, where there is gold ore, and 

 farther on, Tuculula, near the Pacific, where it borders on the Diocese 

 of Oaxaca. 



Chapter XXIV 



Continuing the Preceding Subject, of the District of the Arch- 

 diocese of Mexico, and in Particular, the Route to the Province of 

 Huaxteca and to Panuco. 



468. From Mexico City to the Province of Huaxteca, one goes 

 5 leagues to the village of San Cristobal de Acatepec, where there is 



