198 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I02 



New Spain and his conquests in the year 1523 of the Provinces of 

 JaHsco, Suchipila, and others, when he escorted Pres. Nuno de 

 Guzman; and considering that they had not been rewarded, and 

 considering also the conspicuous services rendered by Don Francisco 

 Pacheco de Cordoba y Bocanegra, His Majesty graciously conferred 

 on him, under date of March 6, 1610, the title of Perpetual Com- 

 mander (Adelantado Perpetuo) of the Kingdom of New Galicia, 

 which was won, settled, and governed by his forebears, for him and 

 for all his successors. And later, on April 7 of that year, 1617, he 

 graciously conferred on Dona Marina Vazquez de Coronado the 

 title of Marquesa de Villamayor for all the days of her life; and to' 

 her son Don Francisco Pacheco de Cordoba y Bocanegra, Knight of 

 the Order of Santiago and Perpetual Commander of New Galicia, 

 he graciously gave the title (on May 27 of that same year) of 

 Marques de Villamayor for himself and all his successors ; for in 

 this manner His Majesty rewards and honors the noble and loyal 

 vassals who serve him. 



Chapter VHI 



Continuing the Description of the Provinces of New Mexico, 

 Based on Another Expedition Which Was Made in the Year 1581. 



558. In the year 1581 Father Fray Augustin Ruiz of the Order 

 of St. Francis received word from Indians of the Conchos tribe 

 living in the valley of San Bartolome beyond the mines of Santa 

 Barbara in the State of New Galicia of extensive provinces and 

 settlements farther on. [At that time the Count of Nieva was 

 Viceroy of New Spain]. He set out with two companions and 

 eight soldiers accompanying him, and explored extensive provinces 

 in that direction as far as the Province of Tigues, which is 280 

 leagues from Santa Barbara. On their way the Indians killed one 

 of the friars ; and the soldiers, considering how few they were among 

 such great numbers of savages, turned back, leaving the friars with 

 a mestizo and three boys ; and the savages killed them all later. 



559. The soldiers told their story to Capt. Antonio de Espejo, a 

 wealthy and important resident of Mexico City, who at that moment 

 was at the Santa Barbara mines. With the permission of Juan de 

 Ontiveros, Alcalde Mayor of the four villages of Las Cienegas in 

 the State of New Vizcaya, 70 leagues beyond Santa Barbara, this 

 Antonio de Espejo raised at his own expense a force of over 150 

 soldiers ; he took along in his company Father Fray Bernardino 

 Beltran of the Order of St. Francis; and with 115 horses and mules 

 carrying the baggage and munitions, he left the valley of San Bar- 



