WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES — -VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 389 



1153. These three topographical features occur within a distance 

 of 50 leagues E. and W., and they run N. and S. side by side for 

 over 500 leagues. The plains are hot, dry country ; it never rains 

 there ; the sierra in the middle is cool country ; it rains in the proper 

 season, and there is usually much snow ; in the Andes it rains all 

 the time and it is very hot. Thus the sierra in the center has its 

 seasons when it rains ; of the two collateral features, one is hot and 

 dry, the other very hot and damp. Since this country is all under 

 the same sky, that there should be such diversity shows that Divine 

 Providence gives human intellects much to ponder over, and however 

 much they argue, they can never succeed in ferreting out the goal 

 of truth. 



Chapter IT 



Of the City of Trujillo and Its Provinces, and Special Features 

 of Its Diocese [Which Is Suffragan to Lima.] 



1154. Traveling S. from Quito, one comes at 230 leagues to the 

 city of Trujillo, founded in the year 1533 by Don Diego de Almagro 

 and Don Diego de Mora under orders and with commission from 

 Don Francisco Pizarro. It lies in its fertile valley a quarter league 

 from the ancient settlement of Chimocapac, at 8° S.. 2 leagues from 

 the sea. The city was one of the noblest of that realm, [and so it 

 is at present ; it has a hot climate.] It has over 400 Spanish residents, 

 (Marg. : Many of them encomenderos ; among the most important 

 is Don Juan de Avendaho Ganiboa. He served valiantly in Flanders, 

 Naples, and [later] against the Moors in the Granada rebelHon, 

 being attached to the person of Don Juan of Austria, and in one of 

 the battles it happened that he was wounded and lost his right arm. 

 He came over as Governor of Arequipa and later of the Provinces 

 of Parinacochas and Conchucos, and held other offices in which he 

 gave a good account of himself. He was General of the Pacific, 

 and the person consulted by the Viceroy Don Luis de Velasco in all 

 matters of importance ; later he gave him the encomienda of the 

 Provinces of Huamachuco and Otuzco, which he enjoys at Trujillo ; 

 and H.M. King Philip II graciously granted him the patronage of 

 Nuestra Senora de Irruibalcaya of the town of Re (sic) ; this 

 patronage has been left by this Don Juan to Don Martin de Avendano 

 his nephew as his presumptive (afocoso) heir, since he has no sons. 

 (End of Marg. note.)) The city has also a large service contingent 

 of Indians, Negroes, and mulattoes. It is the capital of a Diocese [with 

 very wide jurisdiction] which was carved out from the Archdiocese 

 of Lima [which is 200 leagues S.] and that of Quito, and lies between 



