428 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



leading out of the city, which make it a very attractive place ; they 

 are delightful, with abundance of delicious native and Spanish fruit. 



1225. This famous city enjoys three springs. The first is its valley's 

 spring, which begins in October and lasts till Easter, and for this 

 reason it enjoys the richest Lent in fruit, vegetables, delicacies, and 

 fish, in the world ; the second is the sierra spring, at 8 or 9 leagues 

 from the city ; and the third is the spring in another intermediate 

 region lying between the sierra and the plains, which is called in that 

 Kingdom in the native tongue Chaupiyunga, which means country 

 between cold and hot ; so that this city is deliciously supplied the 

 whole year through with excellent fruit, both of native and Spanish 

 varieties ; there is abundance of them all. 



1226. The city is a thickly settled capital and metropolis of the 

 Kingdoms of Peru, and residence of the Viceroy, Circuit Court, 

 Archbishop, and the Inquisition, which was founded at the same time 

 with that in Mexico, the Inquisitor General being Cardinal Don 

 Diego de Espinosa, Bishop of Sigiienza. The city will have between 

 9,000 and 10,000 Spanish residents, not counting the transients who 

 come here from all the Upper Kingdom, that of Quito and the New 

 Kingdom of Granada, from the Spanish Main, New Spain, Nicaragua, 

 the Kingdom of Chile, and other points ; and without counting over 

 50,000 Negroes, mulattoes, and others of the service class, plus great 

 numbers of Indians, both natives of that region and others from all 

 over the Kingdom ; many of them are artisans of all sorts of profes- 

 sions ; they live in the outer wards of the city, and all over it. 



1227. It occupies the area of a large and populous city, marvelously 

 laid out. At present it is 25 blocks wide, from the Convent of 

 Monserrate through the city by the Plaza and Calle de la Inquisicion 

 up to El Cercado, and every day there are additional buildings, houses, 

 and streets. In width it covers over 14 blocks, from by San Francisco 

 to Guadalupe. All the modern streets and blocks are rectangular 

 and rectilinear ; each street is 40 geometric feet wide, and each block 

 400, and 6,160 in width, and from these figures it is 176,000 feet 

 in circuit. All the houses have generous plots and most of them have 

 fountains and gardens ; and although the city has fine buildings, since 

 it does not rain the roofs are not tiled but flat. 



1228. It has four plazas — the Plaza Principal, that of Santa Ana, 

 San Francisco, and San Diego. The Plaza Principal has a fine foun- 

 tain in the center ; this plaza is level and square ; each side is 440 feet 

 long, and two straight streets start at each ; there is one block by the 

 river and bridge, which is expensive and solidly built of cut stone, on 

 account of the collapse of the old building in brick, which the Marques 



