WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES VAZOL-EZ DE ESTINOSA 487 



of Huaiiuco el Viejo, at io°3o' S. On the road leading from the 

 old to the new site, at the 7-league post, stands the tambo of Lliclla, 

 in the cold country ; at i league, there are a number of ruined villages 

 of the ancients ; among them, and on those hills, there are many of 

 their tombs, like low towers, with their doors facing E. ; on each 

 little tower, at top and bottom, numerous dead Indians were seated, 

 sitting up there untouched by decay, since it is always cold in that 

 locality and the winds are keen, and it has been that way ever since 

 the times of their heathendom ; it would seem they had been put in 

 those tombs yesterday; I [venture to] write this, having myself seen 

 them [in many places]. Beyond these villages and tombs is the village 

 of San Juan, a Mercedarian curacy ; then comes a river which is 

 crossed by a bridge, and on whose banks there are two small villages, 

 where the climate is better. All this jurisdiction belongs to the 

 Province of Los Huamalies. Four leagues farther on is the tambo or 

 tavern of Mito, at which another jurisdiction starts; and proceeding 

 down a lovely valley, one comes after four leagues to the city of Leon 

 de Huanuco. 



1363. In the year 1542, on September 16, 2 leagues out of Gua- 

 manga on the Cuzco road, Licentiate Vaca de Castro fought the battle 

 of Chupa which is so famous, against Don Diego de Almagro ; many 

 fell on both sides, but His Majesty's army won, and Don Diego was 

 later executed. At the end of that same year, in Cuzco, as is related 

 by the historians and in particular by the Inca Garcilaso, part 2 of 

 his "Commentaries," book 3, folio 103 fif., and by the others, the 

 affairs of that Kingdom having been straightened out and the Gov- 

 ernor having sent out many of^cers on new expeditions ( Marg. : and 

 Licentiate Antonio de Leon tells of them in his Bibliotheca), he sent 

 Capt. Pedro de Puelles to the Provinces of Huanuco to reestablish 

 and rebuild this city. He did this early in the year 1543, building 

 and peopling the city in a very attractive, fertile, and beautiful valley 

 between lofty sierras [15 leagues S. of where it was originally 

 founded], and since Gov. Vaca de Castro was a native of Leon, 

 he gave it the name of Leon de los Caballeros. Nearby runs a 

 large river which is one of those giving rise to the Maraiion ; it starts 

 up in the Bombon punas, and is joined by the Rio de Mito and others. 

 This valley is always warm and in consequence is very fertile ; the 

 whole year through they keep planting and harvesting wheat and corn 

 there, so that while wheat is being sowed in one field, it is springing up 

 in another, heading up in a third, and in another it is being harvested 

 and threshed, an astonishing fact, due to the excellent soil and climate 

 and the abundance of water provided by their rivers for the irriga- 



