WHOLE VOL. THE WEST IND1I-:.S VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 495 



[Chap, of the Hills of Atiquipa, the Chala and Chaparra Valleys, 

 and Other Matters, etc.] 



1381. Twelve leagues S. of the Acari Valley is the [valley] of 

 Chala, where they produce [some very good] olive oil and olives 

 ranking among the best in the whole kingdom, and also some wine. 

 ]3efore one reaches it, at the very end of the valley by the sea, rise 

 tlie Atiquipa lomas [which are the best and most extensive in the 

 whole kingdom, and even though on all the seacoast of this kingdom 

 it never rains, in a few localities, this garua above mentioned, or very 

 fine drizzle, falls, and they call those localities hills (lomas), and 

 those belonging to the Chala Valley, each 3 leagues long, are] which 

 are the best in that kingdom; the whole year through they pasture 

 great herds of cattle, cows, mules, mares, goats, and sheep, and they 

 breed them in great numbers ; there are springs and watercourses 

 on them all the year [which is not true of other lomas] so that the 

 cattle have excellent facilities for watering. On these lomas there 

 are some establishments and farms with gardens and orchards of 

 Spanish and native fruit trees, excellent fig and olive groves ; they 

 raise much corn, wheat, and other cereals on them. Many persons 

 have enriched themselves breeding cattle on them, since they are 

 superior to other localities. These lomas rise right by the sea and 

 run more than 2 leagues inland. 



1382. The Chala Valley is about 3 leagues up the valley from 

 these lomas ; it is very short of water. Its river comes from the rolling 

 uplands of the Province of the Parinacochas. There are a few vine- 

 yards in it, but what has made it famous is the olive groves which 

 they have planted and continue planting there ; they bear so plenti- 

 fully that a very small number of olive groves yield large amounts 

 of both excellent oil and olives ; ships come to their port on the sea- 

 coast to load them for Lima. There are a few Indian fishermen 

 [who have much success catching excellent fish for all the region 

 round about and inland] ; they have excellent lisas and pejerreyes, 

 and other kinds. This valley borders on the Province of the Parina- 

 cochas, which belongs to the Diocese of Cuzco. Five leagues S. of 

 [the valley of] Chala is the Chaparra Valley, between very lofty 

 sierras ; a river flows through it which comes down from the Province 

 of the Aymaraes, which is likewise in the Cuzco Diocese. On the 

 banks of this little river there are a few vineyards ; there are a few 

 Spaniards living here, as also in the Chala Valley [of the Chala and 

 Chaparra Valleys]. The water in these two rivulets never reaches 

 the sea, because the little there is, is used up in irrigating the vine- 

 yards, olive groves, and cultivated fields; if any is left over, it sinks 



