WMOLK V(JL. THE WEST INDIES VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 503 



more legitimately ; furthermore his jurisdiction extends as far as 

 the port of Hilay, which belongs to the city of Arequipa and is i8 

 leagues W. of it.] 



1393. Near the port of Hilay there are very good lomas where 

 they fatten mules and other stock at the proper seasons. There are 

 many olive groves, among them the Olivar del Monte Carmelo, 

 where I said Mass in 1618 on the day of the Presentation of Our 

 Lady; and at the instance and pious inspiration of myself and its 

 owner, I blessed it and we gave it this name to the honor and glory 

 of Our Lady of Carmen. 



1394. The Province of Los Ubinas is ESE. of Arequipa ; and 

 although the Viceroy used to appoint a Corregidor there for its 

 satisfactory administration, since the eruption of its volcano [of this 

 province] which laid it waste [and many of its villages] in the year 

 1600, they have been subordinate to the Corregidor of Arequipa. 

 From the city one can see the sierra and the volcano, which are 

 covered with snow at times [and the Cordillera, which runs N. and 

 S. for over 1,500 leagues, from Santa Marta to the Straits]. Running 

 W. from them are several dry and uninhabitable ranges, on which 

 grow only a few thorny bushes which they call cardones. On leaving 

 the city for the sea, which is to the W., one takes a road running 

 WSW. and reaches a village 2 leagues from the city ; one sets out 

 from here toward evening to spend all night crossing a 12-league 

 desert, over terrible uninhabitable sandy wastes between mountain 

 ranges. Since this is so difficult and parched, with nothing but [much] 

 sand and ashes, for there is a puquio or well only at the start, and 

 farther on one with only a little brackish water in it ; great numbers 

 of oxen, cows, mules, horses, sheep, and goats have perished on that 

 road ; in fact, when I went through there, I saw over 8,000 head of 

 stock dead and dried up in the ashes and sand. I paid my tribute 

 also with a male and a female mule ; I had to abandon them when 

 they collapsed in this desert and perished, and I saw myself in great 

 straits for the she-mule on which I was riding, started to give out. 

 After crossing this dreadful desert, one comes to some fine large 

 lomas, covered with thick cool grass ; these will be 3 leagues from 

 the sea, and there is much cattle grazing on them [as on those already 

 described] . There are olive groves on them, which yield large amounts 

 of oil and [excellent] olives ; the chief one is that of Los Almontes 

 [which is of great importance to the city]. On the coast there are 

 extensive fisheries and they catch large amounts of fish which is 

 salted for exportation into the sierra and all the country around 

 Cuzco, etc. 



