WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES — VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 515 



1413. On the heights and headlands of this valley there are two 

 [fine] Indian villages, called Tarata and Putina ; they have a good 

 climate, run [excellent] cattle ranches, and raise [much] wheat and 

 corn. Five leagues from this valley to one side of the road is the 

 village of San Pedro de Tacna, which is nine leagues from Arica, 

 and through which they carry all the wine going up to Oruro and 

 La Paz through the Province of Los Pacajes. They bring the wine 

 from Arica up here on muleback, and shift it here to llamaback. 

 It is a large Indian village, [very] wealthy and with much traffic. 

 The Corregidor of Arica appoints a deputy here. But [rich as it is] 

 it is a shame that the curates and missionary friars (dotrineros) take 

 so little care of their church ; they have not provided it with doors, 

 and the appurtenances are wretched, so that there is hardly enough 

 to say Mass with, and yet their curacy is worth every year over 

 4,000 or 5,000 pesos. This is because they need a Bishop, the present 

 one being so remote. There is much that could be said on this subject, 

 but this note will suffice. There are a few Spaniards living in this 

 village, because of the lively business activity and the [great] richness 

 of the country. 



1414. This valley is short of water, and yet contains many fields 

 of wheat, corn, aji, and other cereals, although none of the valley 

 water ever reaches the sea or the village. Up the valley there are 

 [very] good vineyards, where they produce over 8,000 jugs of wine. 

 From this village [of Tacna] to the city of Arica, it is 9 leagues; 

 I league before reaching the city, one comes to the Chacalluta Valley, 

 right on the ocean's edge, where its river flows in [from this valley]. 

 This is very fertile, and for more than 16 leagues up the valley they 

 sow and reap much wheat and corn ; it yields abundant and prolific 

 crops as described, when fertilized with guano. The best part of 

 the valley is the 7 leagues from the coast up [valley] to the tambo of 

 Huanta, on the road to Potosi ; here they have many farms operated 

 by Spaniards with [many] Yanacona Indians and Negroes ; they 

 cultivate broad fields of wheat, corn, and other cereals. In the midst 

 of the valley is the Indian village of Lluta, 4 leagues distant from 

 Arica. In this valley they have no vineyards or olive groves except 

 as mentioned, the water being full of sulfur and alum. The valley 

 has plenty of water and groves of trees ; the King's Highway from 

 Arica to Potosi passes through it ; it is 6 leagues to Huanta ; then 

 it climbs the Cuesta Blanca (White Grade) and reaches Copataya, 

 where the climate is already chilly, in the sierra, 20 leagues from 

 Arica. From there one goes to Cosapa and Los Berros, Titiri, and 

 Achoroma in the Province of Los Carangas ; this brief account must 



