WHOLE VOL. THE WEST INDIES VAZQUEZ DE ESPINOSA 52 1 



Six leagues beyond to the S. is the valley of Matorral ; it is again 

 six [twelve] from Matorral to Tarapaca, and twelve to the Pica 

 Valley, which is as far as the jurisdiction of Arica at present extends. 

 This all belongs to the Diocese of Arequipa, and for the reasons 

 given and because this port and city have so many visitors 

 and for the better discipline and the confirmation of its residents, 

 it is desirable that this city be granted a prelate. That would meet 

 many requirements, as the city remarks ; since it is new country, 

 every day brings need of new remedies and discipline until everything 

 gets settled. With the presence of a spiritual shepherd, the Indians 

 will be better Christianized and instructed, and will embrace the 

 principles of the Faith with greater love. I assure the gentlemen 

 of the Council who direct the affairs of that realm with their laudable 

 desire to be fully informed in all matters in His Majesty's service, 

 that if they had traveled, seen, and considered these matters, they 

 would doubtless regulate them as I indicate in this book. 



Chapter LVIII [59] (60) 



Of the District of the Diocese of the City of Guamanga 

 (Ayacucho) and of the Provinces It Contains. 



1423. After finishing the description of the Diocese of Arequipa, 

 which is along the seacoast as has been stated in the preceding chap- 

 ters, we must return over the same plains to the Archdiocese of 

 Lima and start on the sierra road which can be reached from the 

 Nasca Valley, crossing the Provinces of Los Lucanas and Vilcas, 

 as will be told in its proper place ; from Lima one passes through 

 the famous Province and valley of Jauja, over the King's Highway 

 to the sierra. 



1424. The city of San Juan de la Vitoria de Guamanga is 80 

 leagues SE. of Lima, on the Cuzco King's Highway. It was founded 

 by Marques Don Francisco Pizarro in the year 1539, on account of 

 the great distance between Lima and Cuzco without a single town 

 or city of Spaniards ; for this reason Mango Inca, son of Huayna 

 Capac, with a large number of Indians attacked the Spaniards travel- 

 ing from Lima to Cuzco, causing great damage and killing many 

 of them ; and although Capt. Villa Diego set out with 30 Spaniards 

 •in pursuit of the Inca, the whole Spanish force was killed by the 

 Indians in a sierra. And after the Inca had made his raids and his 

 forays, he retired with his Indians into the Viticos or Vilcabamba 

 Mountains ; this locality was impossible to storm and was so rough 

 that the Spaniards could not penetrate without great effort, risk, or 



