528 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



then on it was a town up to the year 1594, when, on August 8, the 

 said Viceroy designated it as a city of Spaniards, in conformity with 

 a warrant of King Don Phihp II of glorious memory, issued at 

 El Pardo on November 8, 1593, confirming the name it bore, and 

 that is why it is called Castrovirreina. It was built in the Province 

 of Los Chocorvos in the district of the Circuit Court of Lima; on 

 its escutcheon it bears the lakes bordering the ranges where the silver 

 mines are. No excise duties (alcabala) are paid here, thanks to a 

 grant issued by the said Viceroy on August 8, 1594, to run 6 years, 

 but it is still in force. It contains 100 houses, a main street and other 

 side streets ; there is a plaza, with the church and the Royal Apart- 

 ments on it ; but all the buildings are made of adobe, low and straw- 

 thatched. 



1441. There are two tribunals, that of the Governor and that of 

 the Royal Officials. As officials of these courts there are an Alguacil 

 Mayor and simple Alguaciles, and the Secretary of the Council, who 

 is also Public Secretary and Recorder (Escrivano de Registros). 

 The Governor is concerned with the city administration and also 

 with the theory and practice of the mines which extract the ore and 

 the mills in which they treat it, and in seeing that the Indians come 

 to them from the various provinces and that they are well treated 

 and paid, as is provided by the Viceroys' ordinances; they keep 

 improving them as seems advisable. 



The offices of the public functionaries carry no salaries ; they are 

 salable and transferable ; they were instituted when the city was 

 founded. The post of Alguacil Mayor was sold for 16,000 8-real 

 pesos ; he appoints his subordinate Alguaciles. That of Secretary 

 went for 3,000 pesos. They elect the Royal Ensign (Alferez Real), 

 four Aldermen, a Confraternity Alcalde, and a City Attorney on 

 New Year's Day ; they are approved by the Governor. The city 

 keeps as its own the correduria (brokerage tax) and mojoneria 

 (demarcation fee), and they bring in a little over 180 pesos income 

 every year ; this privilege was granted by the Viceroy on July 20, 

 1593. It is 70 leagues from this city to Lima. 



1442. In the year 1610 there were 86 residents of this city, not 

 counting transients ; 26 were married. In the number were 3 Portu- 

 guese and 20 foreigners — 11 Genoese, 7 Corsicans, i Savoyard, 

 I Levantine; 6 of them were naturalized (compuestos) by per- 

 mission of the Viceroy. 



The chief business of this city is its mines and smelters ; but the 

 owners are in debt for more than their value ; they are sustained 

 by hopes for the future, and the same is true of those who contract 



