554 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



(Marg. : in the year 1030, so far as I have been able to learn the date) 

 by the Inca Mango Capac, the first Inca King. Giving out that he 

 was child of the Sun and that he had come down from Heaven, 

 with the Queen his wife, they left the great lake of CoUao, called 

 Titicaca, as is related by the Inca Garcilaso, book I of his "Com- 

 mentaries," folios 16 and 172. When he had reached the Cuzco 

 Valley, which is a plain surrounded by sierras, and had realized by 

 portents that it was the site on which he should build, he began to 

 teach the Law of Nature and pubHsh it abroad to all those savage 

 tribes, showing them how to live orderly lives ; and thus he brought 

 many to allegiance to him and to his civilized manner of living, and 

 the Queen his wife did her part to the same end. So they kept 

 adding many people to their settlement and their system, and he 

 built the part of the city which is known as Hanan Cuzco, which 

 means Upper Cuzco; and the Queen built Hurin Cuzco, which is 

 Lower Cuzco. 



This city continued to be embellished by its kings with great 

 temples, fine walls, and substantial buildings ; it had four water- 

 courses which irrigated its valley. It has a cool, temperate climate, 

 which neither tires nor tries one ; its brilliant atmosphere is always 

 the same, trending rather toward cold and dry than toward hot and 

 moist ; for this reason meat keeps a long time without spoiling, and 

 the city is free from all kinds of annoying creatures. 



1491. In its great days the city was divided into two parts by the 

 east-bound highway, which they call Andesuio ; the northern part 

 they called Hanan Cuzco, i.e., Upper Cuzco, and the southern, Hurin 

 Cuzco, i.e.. Lower Cuzco. The first houses built were on the slopes 

 of the Sacsahuaman hill, which rose to the NE. of the city, and on 

 the crest of that hill. Later, the Incas built a famous fortress there, 

 which was [later] almost completely dismantled by the Spaniards 

 after their capture of the city, in order to build their houses in it. 



1492. Besides being divided into 2 parts, as has been described — 

 Hanan Cuzco and Hurin Cuzco, separated by the Andes highway — 

 the city was subdivided into 12 wards. The first was named Coll- 

 campata, which means narrow path (anden) ; it was here that Inca 

 Mango Capac built his royal palace, which afterward belonged to 

 Paullu, son of Huayna Capac; there was a great shelter (galpon) 

 there which served as assembly place for rainy days ; it was there 

 that the Indians celebrated and solemnized their festivals, 



1493. The ward which came second, going E., was named Cantut- 

 pata, which means flower border (anden de flores), because of the 



