556 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 102 



E. to W, ; then it followed a long, wide street through the main plaza 

 of the city and after crossing the whole city in a southerly direction 

 trending somewhat to the W., it flowed out by the ward called 

 Pumachupa. They called the point where the stream entered, Huaca- 

 puncu, on account of the Temple of the Sun and the House of the 

 Virgins, and its point of issue, Lion's Tail, to indicate that the city 

 was all one sanctuary, in which such sacred ordinances were promul- 

 gated and observed, not only in the city but in all the wide and 

 far-flung empire it kept under its sway and allegiance. This Carmenga 

 ward adjoined that of Collampata, with which we began the descrip- 

 tion of the 12 wards comprised in the circuit of the city; they were 

 segments of it, and in them all the caciques and potentates (curacas) 

 of all the provinces and tribes within the empire had their residences 

 and settlements for their visits to the court, and where they kept 

 their children for their training in the excellent education and state- 

 craft of the Inca kings and their courtiers. 



1499. Four main highways left the city for the four parts of the 

 empire, following the four winds. The one which issued toward the 

 N. for Lima, Quito, and the other lowland provinces, was called 

 Chinchaisuyu. The one which left to the W. for the Provinces of 

 Aymaraes, Collaguas, Condesuyos, and Arequipa, they called 

 Cuntisuio, and the Spaniards Condesuyos. The one which started 

 S. toward Collao and all its provinces, going to La Paz, the Charcas, 

 Potosi, and all the upland provinces and the Kingdom of Chile, they 

 called Collasuio, and the Spaniards, the Collao Highway. The road 

 running E. they called Antisuio, and the Spaniards, the Andes 

 Highway. 



1500. Corresponding to these four roads, the Inca kings had divided 

 their empire into four parts for its satisfactory administration, and 

 in conformity with this plan they kept locating the tribes which they 

 brought under subjection. It was the first king. Mango Capac, who 

 inaugurated this ; and so for the tribes conquered to the S., they 

 established a ward or suburb connected with the city, and similarly 

 for the other quarters of the compass ; according to the location of 

 the provinces of the conquered peoples, they established residences 

 for them for their visits in the court city, so that they might have 

 their own homes and section in which to live in harmony with their 

 ancient usages. This was carried out with such orderly system that 

 if one contemplated the 12 wards in which dwelt so many peoples, 

 foreign and widely separated by all the distance between Pasto and 

 Quito, and Chile, etc., over an expanse of more than 1,000 leagues, 

 one found that each nationality and province had its abode by itself 



